Motivation and Goal Setting in Sport and Exercise Psychology: Enhance Athletic Performance

Question 1

Which theory of motivation posits that individuals are driven by internal factors such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness?

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory

Answer

Drive theory

Answer

Goal theory

Answer

Expectation theory

Question 2

Identify the type of goal that is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.

Accepted Answer

SMART goal

Answer

Intrinsic goal

Answer

Extrinsic goal

Answer

Process goal

Question 3

Describe the fundamental distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation stems from internal rewards, whereas extrinsic motivation originates from external rewards.

Answer

Extrinsic motivation stems from internal rewards, whereas intrinsic motivation originates from external rewards.

Answer

Intrinsic motivation focuses on long-term objectives, while extrinsic motivation prioritizes short-term objectives.

Answer

Extrinsic motivation focuses on long-term objectives, while intrinsic motivation prioritizes short-term objectives.

Question 4

Which theory predicts that individuals are motivated to pursue goals that are both challenging and attainable?

Accepted Answer

Goal theory

Answer

Drive theory

Answer

Self-determination theory

Answer

Expectation theory

Question 5

According to Self-Determination Theory, what is a key factor in motivation?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic desire for growth and mastery

Answer

External rewards and punishments

Answer

Societal and cultural influences

Answer

External enforcement of goals

Question 6

Which factor does NOT influence motivation in the context of sports?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Goal setting

Answer

Self-efficacy

Answer

Social support

Question 7

According to self-determination theory, which type of motivation is most likely to result in sustained high performance?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation

Answer

Extrinsic motivation

Answer

Amotivation

Answer

Controlled motivation

Question 8

Identify a key principle of effective goal setting.

Accepted Answer

Establish SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound) goals.

Answer

Set easy goals to guarantee success.

Answer

Set multiple conflicting goals to maximize motivation.

Answer

Avoid setting goals entirely to minimize pressure.

Question 9

What is the primary difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation stems from internal factors, while extrinsic motivation originates from external rewards.

Answer

Extrinsic motivation is inherently more potent than intrinsic motivation.

Answer

Intrinsic motivation is effective only for short-term goals.

Answer

There is no discernible difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Question 10

Which of the following best exemplifies a proximal goal?

Accepted Answer

Improving sprint speed by 0.1 seconds

Answer

Winning an Olympic gold medal

Answer

Qualifying for a national competition

Answer

Becoming the world's fastest athlete

Question 11

Which motivational theory asserts that individuals strive to fulfill needs and alleviate inner tensions?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Answer

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

Answer

Goal-Setting Theory

Answer

Arousal Theory

Question 12

The SMART acronym, commonly used in goal setting, stands for:

Accepted Answer

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound

Answer

Sensible, Manageable, Ambitious, Realistic, Tangible

Answer

Simple, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-bound

Answer

Significant, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound

Question 13

Which of the following is not typically considered an advantage of goal setting for athletes?

Accepted Answer

Assured success in all athletic endeavors

Answer

Heightened motivation and determination

Answer

Enhanced focus and direction

Answer

Reduced stress and anxiety

Question 14

According to Bandura's social cognitive theory, self-efficacy refers to:

Accepted Answer

An individual's belief in their capabilities to successfully complete a task

Answer

The encouragement and support received from others

Answer

The difficulty level of a given goal

Answer

Past experiences and outcomes of similar tasks

Question 15

The goal gradient effect refers to the tendency for motivation to:

Accepted Answer

Increase as a goal is neared

Answer

Decrease as a goal is neared

Answer

Remain constant throughout the pursuit of a goal

Answer

Fluctuate randomly during the pursuit of a goal

Question 16

Which of the following is considered an external factor that can influence motivation?

Accepted Answer

Awards and recognition

Answer

Self-determination and autonomy

Answer

Personal beliefs and values

Answer

Physiological needs and drives

Question 17

Mental imagery used to improve motivation and performance is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Mental rehearsal

Answer

Progressive muscle relaxation

Answer

Autogenic training

Answer

Positive self-talk

Question 18

Which theory of motivation emphasizes the importance of feeling competent, connected, and self-directed? Explain how this theory can be used to enhance athletic performance.

Accepted Answer

Self-Determination Theory

Answer

Drive Theory

Answer

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Question 19

Which of the following is not a central principle of self-determination theory (SDT)?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic rewards are inherently motivating

Answer

Relatedness fosters motivation and well-being.

Answer

Autonomy refers to self-directed behavior.

Answer

Competence is a basic psychological need.

Question 20

According to expectancy-value theory, which factor significantly influences an individual's motivation?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy of success

Answer

Age

Answer

Gender

Answer

Socioeconomic status

Question 21

Which goal-setting method involves defining goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound?

Accepted Answer

SMART goals

Answer

Closed goals

Answer

Procedural goals

Answer

Open goals

Question 22

Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity primarily for:

Accepted Answer

Internal enjoyment and satisfaction

Answer

Social recognition

Answer

Tangible rewards

Question 23

Which of the following is a potential obstacle to achieving goals?

Accepted Answer

Low self-efficacy

Answer

Well-defined goals

Answer

Positive feedback

Answer

Strong social support

Question 24

According to the achievement goal theory, which goal orientation is linked to a desire to outperform others?

Accepted Answer

Ego orientation

Answer

Social orientation

Answer

Cooperative orientation

Answer

Task orientation

Question 25

Which coaching approach is effective in fostering intrinsic motivation in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Providing autonomous support

Answer

Using a directive coaching style

Answer

Setting unattainable goals

Answer

Offering material rewards