Exercise Physiology Basics: Master the Fundamentals of Exercise Science

Question 1

Which energy source fuels high-intensity exercise lasting less than 10 seconds?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Glucose

Question 2

What term describes the increase in stroke volume that results from regular aerobic exercise?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac dilatation

Answer

Cardiac hypertrophy

Answer

Myocardial ischaemia

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 3

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of oxygen consumption during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Room temperature

Answer

Exercise intensity

Answer

Exercise duration

Answer

Body composition

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism for regulating core temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation and sweating

Answer

Vasoconstriction and shivering

Answer

Hyperventilation

Answer

Increased metabolic rate

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Increased body fat percentage

Answer

Reduced risk of chronic diseases

Answer

Enhanced cognition

Answer

Improved immune function

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates liver glucose production during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 7

What term describes the ability to sustain work capacity over time?

Accepted Answer

Endurance

Answer

Power

Answer

Agility

Answer

Speed

Question 8

Which hormone plays a primary role in stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Question 9

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate at which muscle fatigue develops during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Ambient temperature

Answer

Muscle fiber type

Answer

Exercise intensity

Answer

Training status

Question 10

For individuals new to exercise, what is the recommended frequency of resistance training per week to promote gradual adaptation and minimize risk of injury?

Accepted Answer

Twice a week

Answer

Once a week

Answer

Three times a week

Answer

Four times a week

Question 11

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of exercise prescription that ensures workouts are tailored to individual needs and goals?

Accepted Answer

Individualization

Answer

Progression

Answer

Reversibility

Answer

Specificity

Question 12

Which of the following energy systems is NOT primarily involved in supplying energy for exercise?

Accepted Answer

Triacylglycerol system

Answer

Phosphocreatine system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

Oxidative system

Question 13

What is the primary role of lactate in skeletal muscle metabolism?

Accepted Answer

As a substrate for ATP production

Answer

As a precursor for glucose synthesis

Answer

As a buffer against acidosis

Answer

As a regulator of muscle contraction

Question 14

Which of the following is a potential benefit of regular exercise for individuals with type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Improved insulin sensitivity

Answer

Reduced blood pressure

Answer

Increased risk of falls

Answer

Impaired wound healing

Question 15

Muscle contraction is initiated by the intracellular release of which ions?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions (Ca2+)

Answer

Sodium ions (Na+)

Answer

Potassium ions (K+)

Answer

Magnesium ions (Mg2+)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a cardiovascular adaptation to regular endurance exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased resting heart rate

Answer

Increased stroke volume

Answer

Increased capillary density

Answer

Increased oxygen uptake

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for promoting muscle growth and recovery?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Question 18

The anaerobic threshold (AT) is the point during exercise at which:

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid begins to accumulate in the muscles

Answer

Oxygen uptake plateaus

Answer

Muscle fatigue becomes significant

Answer

Heart rate reaches its maximum

Question 19

Which type of muscle fiber is primarily responsible for endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type IIb

Question 20

The heart rate reserve (HRR) is expressed as a percentage and calculated using which formula?

Accepted Answer

(Max HR - Resting HR) x 100

Answer

(Max HR - Resting HR) / 2

Answer

(Resting HR - Max HR) x 100

Answer

(Max HR + Resting HR) / 100

Question 21

The metabolic process by which muscle cells break down glycogen into glucose is known as:

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 22

Which type of muscle fiber is best suited for endurance activities like long-distance running?

Accepted Answer

Type I (Slow-twitch)

Answer

Type IIa (Fast-twitch)

Answer

Type IIb (Fast-twitch)

Answer

Type IIx (Fast-twitch)

Question 23

What is the process called when the body produces energy from glucose without the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer

Glycogenesis (storage of glucose as glycogen)

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 24

What is the primary action of the rectus abdominis muscle?

Accepted Answer

Flexion of the trunk (bending forward)

Answer

Knee flexion (bending the knee)

Answer

Shoulder abduction (raising the arm away from the body)

Answer

Hip extension (straightening the leg at the hip)

Question 25

Which of these measures indicates the body's maximum ability to use oxygen during exercise?

Accepted Answer

VO2 max

Answer

Heart rate (beats per minute)

Answer

Lactate threshold (point at which lactate builds up in the blood)

Answer

Body mass index (BMI)

Question 26

What type of exercise is most beneficial for improving cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise (continuous, rhythmic activity)

Answer

Anaerobic exercise (high-intensity, short bursts)

Answer

Flexibility exercise (stretching)

Answer

Resistance exercise (weight training)

Question 27

What is the main role of the diaphragm during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates breathing by contracting and flattening to draw air into the lungs

Answer

Controls body temperature

Answer

Produces lactic acid (a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism)

Answer

Stabilizes the core (trunk)