Energy Systems and Metabolism: Fueling Athletic Performance

Question 1

The primary energy system utilized for short-duration, explosive activities is the:

Accepted Answer

ATP-PCr system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

Oxidative system

Answer

Lactic acid system

Question 2

The metabolic process by which carbohydrates are broken down into glucose for energy production is termed:

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 3

Which type of training is most effective for enhancing the body's capacity for aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Interval training

Answer

Resistance training

Answer

Flexibility training

Answer

Speed training

Question 4

The physiological state known as 'hitting the wall' during prolonged exercise is primarily attributed to:

Accepted Answer

Depletion of glycogen stores

Answer

Accumulation of muscle soreness

Answer

Overhydration

Answer

Lack of electrolytes

Question 5

Which of the following macronutrients is essential for the synthesis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Vitamins

Question 6

The metabolic process of converting fatty acids into acetyl CoA for energy production is known as:

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation

Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 7

Which factor does NOT influence energy availability during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Ambient temperature

Answer

Training status

Answer

Nutrition

Answer

Genetics

Question 8

What is the primary role of pyruvate in the metabolism of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Enters the Krebs cycle for further energy production

Answer

Produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Is converted to lactate as a byproduct

Answer

Is stored as glycogen for future use

Question 9

Which type of training is most effective in enhancing the capacity of the oxidative energy system?

Accepted Answer

Long-duration, moderate-intensity training

Answer

High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

Answer

Resistance training

Answer

Sprint training

Question 10

What is the primary role of the phosphocreatine system in energy metabolism during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Provides immediate energy for short-duration, high-intensity activities

Answer

Replenishes ATP during prolonged exercise

Answer

Converts glucose to pyruvate

Answer

Breaks down lactate to produce pyruvate

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fast-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Low fatigue resistance

Answer

High force production

Answer

Rapid contraction speed

Answer

Large fiber diameter

Question 12

What is the primary function of oxygen in the oxidative energy system?

Accepted Answer

Serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Answer

Directly produces ATP

Answer

Initiates the breakdown of glucose

Answer

Is required for muscle contraction

Question 13

What is the significance of the lactate threshold in endurance exercise performance?

Accepted Answer

It represents the exercise intensity at which lactate production exceeds its removal

Answer

It is the maximum lactate concentration that the body can tolerate

Answer

It determines the rate of VO2 max

Answer

It has no relevance to endurance performance

Question 14

Which energy system primarily fuels explosive activities lasting less than 10 seconds, such as sprinting?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

Oxidative system

Answer

Lactic acid system

Question 15

During prolonged moderate-intensity cycling, which energy system is the predominant contributor to ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative system

Answer

Phosphagen system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

Lactic acid system

Question 16

Which of the following dietary strategies can increase the availability of muscle glycogen for energy during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a high-carbohydrate diet before exercise

Answer

Performing prolonged exhaustive exercise

Answer

Dehydrating the body

Answer

Getting insufficient sleep

Question 17

Which training method is most effective for improving the capacity of the oxidative energy system, which is vital for endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Tempo running

Answer

Repeated sprint intervals

Answer

Heavy weightlifting

Answer

Plyometric exercises

Question 18

What is the physiological significance of the lactate threshold in endurance performance?

Accepted Answer

It indicates the point where lactate production exceeds removal, potentially affecting performance

Answer

It determines the maximum amount of oxygen the body can consume

Answer

It predicts the exact time to exhaustion during exercise

Answer

It has no significant impact on endurance performance

Question 19

How does altitude affect the availability of oxygen for energy production during exercise?

Accepted Answer

It decreases oxygen availability

Answer

It increases oxygen availability

Answer

It has no effect on oxygen availability

Answer

Its effect depends on the specific altitude

Question 20

What is the primary purpose of using a calorimetry chamber in sports science research?

Accepted Answer

Measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to determine energy expenditure

Answer

Determining body composition

Answer

Monitoring heart rate variability

Answer

Assessing muscle strength

Question 21

Which of the following energy systems is primarily responsible for supplying energy during brief, intense exercise (approx. 10 seconds)?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Question 22

What is the final product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Answer

Lactate

Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Answer

ATP

Question 23

Which of the following best describes the function of the Cori cycle?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates the transport of lactate from muscles to the liver for glucose production.

Answer

Enables the conversion of lactate to pyruvate for energy production.

Answer

Provides ATP through anaerobic respiration.

Answer

Regulates blood glucose levels during exercise.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It takes place in the cytosol.

Answer

It involves the electron transport chain.

Answer

It generates most of the ATP during aerobic exercise.

Answer

It requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

Question 25

What is the primary function of creatine kinase in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain cellular ATP levels by rapidly transferring phosphate groups.

Answer

It converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.

Answer

It regulates the breakdown of fatty acids.

Answer

It synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Question 26

Which of the following substrates is primarily utilized by oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate

Answer

Pyruvate

Answer

Lactate

Question 27

How does physical training typically affect the maximal activity of enzymes involved in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It increases the maximal activity of these enzymes.

Answer

It decreases the maximal activity of these enzymes.

Answer

It has no significant impact on enzyme activity.

Answer

The effect depends on the specific enzyme and training regimen.

Question 28

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate of ATP resynthesis during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Intensity of exercise

Answer

Availability of oxygen

Answer

Training status

Question 29

What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It generates high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH₂) used in oxidative phosphorylation.

Answer

It synthesizes fatty acids from acetyl-CoA.

Answer

It breaks down glucose to produce pyruvate.

Answer

It converts amino acids into glucose.