Quantitative Research Methods in Sports Science: Quizzes and Practice Tests

Question 1

To investigate the immediate effects of a new training program on elite athletes' performance, which quantitative research design would be most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Longitudinal study

Answer

Quasi-experimental study

Question 2

In quantitative research, which ethical principle guarantees participants' right to make informed choices about their participation?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 3

Which characteristic is fundamental to experimental research design?

Accepted Answer

Independent variable manipulation

Answer

Presence of a control group

Answer

Random assignment of participants

Answer

Exclusive use of observational data

Question 4

In quantitative research, what is the main purpose of data collection?

Accepted Answer

To test hypotheses and draw conclusions

Answer

To gather evidence for hypothesis generation

Answer

To provide a detailed description of the population

Answer

To make predictions about future events

Question 5

Which of the following statistical tests is non-parametric?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

t-test

Answer

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Answer

Multiple Regression Analysis

Question 6

What is the fundamental distinction between a population and a sample in research?

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire group of interest, while a sample is a subset of that population

Answer

A sample is the entire group of interest, while a population is a subset of that sample

Answer

A population is the group of individuals who are accessible for study, while a sample is the group who are actually studied

Answer

A sample is the group of individuals who are accessible for study, while a population is the entire group of interest

Question 7

What is the main purpose of reliability in research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the consistency and stability of measurements

Answer

To guarantee the generalizability of research findings

Answer

To minimize bias in data collection and analysis

Answer

To enhance the validity of research conclusions

Question 8

In hypothesis testing, what does the significance level tell us about rejecting the null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It sets the chance of rejecting the null hypothesis even if it's true.

Answer

It measures how accurate the research tools are.

Answer

It shows how much the research findings matter.

Answer

It's always set at 0.05.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a true experiment?

Accepted Answer

Data collection through observation

Answer

Random assignment of participants

Answer

Control over extraneous variables

Answer

Manipulation of the independent variable

Question 10

What is the sampling method waarbij participants are chosen based on their availability or convenience for the researcher?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Probability sampling

Answer

Snowball sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Question 11

Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing the means of two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Correlation test

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of a pilot study?

Accepted Answer

To assess the feasibility of a research design

Answer

To collect preliminary data

Answer

To generalize findings to a larger population

Answer

To report research findings

Question 13

What is the main distinction between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics summarize data, while inferential statistics make inferences about a larger population.

Answer

Inferential statistics summarize data, while descriptive statistics make inferences about a larger population.

Answer

Descriptive statistics are used with qualitative data, while inferential statistics are used with quantitative data.

Answer

Inferential statistics are used with qualitative data, while descriptive statistics are used with quantitative data.

Question 14

Which ethical principle requires researchers to keep the information provided by participants confidential?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 15

Which statistical test is most suitable for analyzing data that does not follow a normal distribution?

Accepted Answer

Non-parametric test

Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Correlation test

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a quantitative research design?

Accepted Answer

Relies on qualitative analysis methods

Answer

Uses numerical data

Answer

Aims to generalize findings to a larger population

Answer

Can be used to test hypotheses

Question 17

Which sampling method involves randomly selecting individuals from a population?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 18

What is the primary purpose of a pilot study?

Accepted Answer

To test the feasibility and validity of a research design

Answer

To collect data for a larger study

Answer

To analyze data from a previous study

Answer

To evaluate the effectiveness of a research intervention

Question 19

Which statistical test is most commonly used to compare means between two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Correlation analysis

Question 20

What is the main difference between a population and a sample?

Accepted Answer

A population includes all individuals of interest, while a sample is a subset of the population

Answer

A sample includes all individuals of interest, while a population is a subset of the sample

Answer

A population is a theoretical concept, while a sample is a tangible group of individuals

Answer

There is no difference between a population and a sample

Question 21

What is the main benefit of using data triangulation in research?

Accepted Answer

Provides multiple perspectives on a research topic

Answer

Reduces the likelihood of bias in research findings

Answer

Simplifies the data collection process

Answer

Ensures the validity of research conclusions

Question 22

Which of the following research designs is most suitable for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Answer

Descriptive design

Answer

Correlational design

Answer

Qualitative design

Question 23

What is the purpose of random assignment in an experimental study?

Accepted Answer

To minimize the influence of confounding variables

Answer

To increase the external validity of the study

Answer

To ensure an equal number of participants in each group

Answer

To make the data collection process easier

Question 24

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Range

Answer

Correlation coefficient

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 25

What type of data is represented by the number of goals scored in a football match?

Accepted Answer

Discrete data

Answer

Nominal data

Answer

Ordinal data

Answer

Continuous data

Question 26

A researcher wants to investigate the relationship between training load and injury incidence in athletes. What type of research design would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Correlational design

Answer

Case study design

Answer

Experimental design

Answer

Descriptive design

Question 27

Which of the following statistical tests is used to compare the means of two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

Independent samples t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Paired samples t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Question 28

What is the purpose of a control group in an experimental study?

Accepted Answer

To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental group

Answer

To increase the sample size of the study

Answer

To manipulate the independent variable

Question 29

Which of the following is a non-probability sampling technique?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Question 30

What does a p-value of less than 0.05 indicate?

Accepted Answer

Statistically significant result

Answer

Non-significant result

Answer

Large effect size

Answer

Strong correlation

Question 31

A researcher wants to measure the impact of a new training program on athletes' performance. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

Athletes' performance

Answer

Duration of the study

Answer

Number of participants

Answer

New training program