Neurons and Neurotransmission: Structure, Function, and Communication

Question 1

Which part of the neuron is responsible for conducting electrical impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Synapse

Question 2

Which of the following is not a function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Generating electrical impulses

Answer

Insulating the axon to increase conduction speed

Answer

Protecting the axon from damage

Answer

Allowing for saltatory conduction

Question 3

What is the process by which neurons strengthen or weaken their connections over time called?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic plasticity

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Long-term potentiation

Answer

Axonal sprouting

Question 4

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter associated with mood and sleep?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 5

What is the name of the space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic cleft

Answer

Dendritic spine

Answer

Axon terminal

Answer

Soma

Question 6

What is the term for the change in membrane potential that occurs when a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic potential

Answer

Action potential

Answer

Graded potential

Answer

Resting potential

Question 7

How does neurotransmission facilitate communication within the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmission enables neurons to communicate, transmitting signals and information throughout the nervous system.

Answer

Neurotransmission directly controls muscle movement.

Answer

Neurotransmission solely generates electrical impulses within neurons.

Question 8

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of the nervous system, responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Neuroglia

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 9

What is the electrical potential across the neuron's membrane when the neuron is at rest?

Accepted Answer

-70 millivolts

Answer

-90 millivolts

Answer

0 millivolts

Answer

+70 millivolts

Question 10

Which type of ion channel is responsible for the initial rapid increase in membrane potential during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channels

Answer

Voltage-gated potassium channels

Answer

Ligand-gated ion channels

Answer

Mechanosensitive ion channels

Question 11

What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in neuronal communication?

Accepted Answer

To transmit signals across the synaptic cleft between neurons

Answer

To generate action potentials in the presynaptic neuron

Answer

To regulate the flow of ions across the cell membrane

Answer

To inhibit the activity of the postsynaptic neuron

Question 12

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with excitatory effects on postsynaptic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glycine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 13

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath surrounding certain axons?

Accepted Answer

To insulate axons, increasing the speed and efficiency of electrical signal conduction

Answer

To generate action potentials

Answer

To provide structural support to neurons

Answer

To regulate the flow of neurotransmitters

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a distinct phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting

Answer

Depolarization

Answer

Repolarization

Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 15

What is the refractory period in neurons?

Accepted Answer

The period after an action potential when the neuron cannot generate another action potential

Answer

The period when the neuron is most likely to generate an action potential

Answer

The period when the neuron is releasing neurotransmitters

Answer

The period when the neuron is receiving neurotransmitters

Question 16

What is the primary function of neuroglia, also known as glial cells, in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To provide support, nourishment, and protection to neurons

Answer

To transmit signals between neurons

Answer

To generate action potentials

Answer

To regulate the flow of blood to the brain

Question 17

How do neurotransmitters facilitate communication within neural circuits?

Accepted Answer

Bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, influencing signal transmission.

Answer

Generate electrical impulses within neurons.

Answer

Travel through the bloodstream to reach target cells.

Answer

Bind to receptors on the presynaptic neuron, triggering action potentials.

Question 18

Which of the following is the primary structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neurons

Answer

Neuroglia

Answer

Synapses

Answer

Glial cells

Question 19

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is primarily maintained by the differential distribution of which ions?

Accepted Answer

Sodium and potassium

Answer

Potassium and chloride

Answer

Sodium and chloride

Answer

Calcium and magnesium

Question 20

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily associated with parasympathetic nervous system activity?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 21

What is the function of myelin sheath in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Insulation and faster nerve impulse conduction

Answer

Synaptic transmission

Answer

Neurotransmitter synthesis

Answer

Signal amplification

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Question 23

What is the role of voltage-gated ion channels in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Allowing ions to flow across the cell membrane in response to changes in electrical potential

Answer

Synthesizing neurotransmitters

Answer

Transmitting signals between neurons

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Question 24

Which of the following is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Question 25

What is the function of neuroglia in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Supporting and insulating neurons

Answer

Transmitting nerve impulses

Answer

Synthesizing neurotransmitters

Answer

Regulating blood flow to the brain

Question 26

Which of the following is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 27

What is the process by which neurons communicate with each other?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmission

Answer

Hormonal signaling

Answer

Electrical synapses

Answer

Gap junctions