Master Social Cognition: Schemas, Stereotypes, and Interpersonal Perception

Question 1

Stereotypes are beliefs about a group of people that:

Accepted Answer

Can be either positive or negative

Answer

Are always negative and harmful

Answer

Are based on factual evidence

Answer

Are unchangeable and resistant to disconfirmation

Question 2

Which strategy is NOT effective for reducing prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Stereotype reinforcement

Answer

Intergroup contact

Answer

Education and awareness

Answer

Legal measures

Question 3

What is the cognitive bias that involves attributing our own successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors?

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Projection bias

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Question 4

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a schema?

Accepted Answer

Modifies only with new experiences

Answer

Cognitive framework that organizes information

Answer

Automatic and unconscious

Answer

Highly personalized

Question 5

According to the theory of stereotype threat, what is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Individuals perform worse when aware of negative stereotypes about their group

Answer

Stereotypes enhance performance

Answer

Stereotype threat only affects men

Answer

Stereotype threat is not a real phenomenon

Question 6

What is the term for forming impressions of others based on observable characteristics and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal perception

Answer

Attribution

Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 7

Which of the following is not an advantage of interpersonal perception?

Accepted Answer

Always leads to accurate judgments

Answer

Facilitates communication and cooperation

Answer

Helps navigate social situations

Answer

Enhances decision-making

Question 8

In social cognition, the ability to understand thoughts, feelings, and beliefs of others is termed:

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind

Answer

Cognitive empathy

Answer

Emotional intelligence

Answer

Social perspective-taking

Question 9

Which characteristic does NOT apply to schemas?

Accepted Answer

They are always accurate and free from biases.

Answer

They organize our knowledge and beliefs.

Answer

They influence how we interpret information.

Answer

They can adapt with new experiences.

Question 10

What kind of bias involves attributing negative qualities to members of a particular group?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice

Answer

Outgroup homogeneity bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Question 11

What is the process of forming judgments about others based on their appearance and behavior called?

Accepted Answer

Person perception

Answer

Interpersonal cognition

Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Social categorization

Question 12

What is the phenomenon where we perceive members of an outgroup as being more similar than they actually are known as?

Accepted Answer

Outgroup homogeneity bias

Answer

In-group bias

Answer

Attribution bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 13

Which strategy is NOT effective for reducing prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring differences and treating everyone identically

Answer

Promoting contact with diverse groups

Answer

Educating about diversity and inclusion

Answer

Using positive media representations of minority groups

Question 14

What is the tendency to selectively recall information that supports our existing beliefs known as?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Availability bias

Answer

Hindsight bias

Answer

Anchoring bias

Question 15

In the context of social cognition, which of the following plays a crucial role in shaping our perception and understanding of others?

Accepted Answer

Schemas

Answer

Emotions

Answer

Personality traits

Answer

Defense mechanisms

Question 16

Schemas can be best described as:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive structures that organize and interpret our experiences and thoughts

Answer

Temporary mental states triggered by external stimuli

Answer

Innate behavioral patterns that become automatic over time

Answer

Unconscious beliefs that drive our behavior

Question 17

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes a stereotype?

Accepted Answer

A generalized belief about a specific group of people, often based on limited information

Answer

A unique description of an individual's personality and traits

Answer

A neutral observation about a particular situation or event

Answer

A positive evaluation of someone based on their appearance

Question 18

Prejudice can be defined as:

Accepted Answer

A negative attitude towards a specific group of people based on preconceived notions

Answer

A positive evaluation of someone based on their appearance

Answer

An unbiased stance towards a particular issue

Answer

A neutral observation about a particular situation or event

Question 19

Which of the following factors is NOT a potential contributor to prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Objective analysis of factual information

Answer

Socialization and upbringing

Answer

Personal experiences

Answer

Uncritical acceptance of media portrayals

Question 20

Interpersonal perception refers to:

Accepted Answer

The process of forming impressions of others and interpreting their behavior

Answer

The way we express our thoughts and emotions to others

Answer

The influence of cultural norms on our interactions with others

Answer

The impact of power dynamics on relationships

Question 21

Attribution theory primarily focuses on explaining how we:

Accepted Answer

Make assumptions about the causes of others' behavior

Answer

Accurately perceive and interpret social interactions

Answer

Develop meaningful relationships with others

Answer

Effectively resolve conflicts

Question 22

Confirmation bias is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Seeking out information that aligns with our existing beliefs

Answer

Objectively evaluating all available information

Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts our beliefs

Answer

Revising our beliefs based on new evidence

Question 23

In social cognition, what best defines a schema?

Accepted Answer

A mental framework organizing our knowledge about specific social groups and their expected characteristics.

Answer

A vivid memory of a particular past event or experience.

Answer

A general rule or guideline that directs our actions and decisions.

Answer

A mental representation of our own unique self-concept and identity.

Question 24

Which of the following is a key characteristic of schemas in social cognition?

Accepted Answer

They help us organize and interpret information.

Answer

They are always accurate and unbiased.

Answer

They only develop during childhood.

Answer

They have no influence on our behavior.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a schema?

Accepted Answer

It is unchangeable and unaffected by new experiences.

Answer

It aids in the organization and interpretation of information.

Answer

It is a mental representation of knowledge.

Answer

It is based on our prior knowledge and assumptions.

Question 26

What is the process known as forming impressions of others based on their physical appearance, behavior, and other observable traits?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal perception

Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Projection

Answer

Attribution

Question 27

What term describes the inclination to attribute our thoughts, feelings, and motivations to others?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Answer

Empathy

Answer

Displacement

Answer

Rationalization

Question 28

What is the term for the tendency to favor one's own group over others?

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism

Answer

Xenophobia

Answer

Chauvinism

Answer

Discrimination

Question 29

What is the central function of interpersonal perception?

Accepted Answer

To understand others' behavior.

Answer

To make accurate judgments about others.

Answer

To predict others' future actions.

Answer

To establish social relationships.

Question 30

The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors, such as personality or intentions, is called:

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Actor-observer bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 31

The primary aim of social cognition is to:

Accepted Answer

Understand and predict human behavior and social interactions

Answer

Enhance communication and social harmony

Answer

Foster empathy and self-awareness

Answer

Promote social justice and equality

Question 32

Schemas, in psychology, refer to:

Accepted Answer

Mental frameworks that organize our knowledge and experiences, influencing perception and interpretation.

Answer

Fixed and unchangeable beliefs that shape our interactions.

Answer

Unconscious processes that guide our behavior.

Answer

Accurate representations of reality.

Question 33

Stereotypes are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralized and simplified beliefs about specific groups of people.

Answer

Accurate and unbiased representations of social reality.

Answer

Beneficial for social interactions and understanding.

Answer

Rarely influenced by personal experiences or biases.

Question 34

Which of the following is a potential consequence of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination and inequality

Answer

Increased empathy and understanding

Answer

Improved communication and cooperation

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving and decision-making

Question 35

Interpersonal perception primarily involves:

Accepted Answer

Forming impressions and making judgments about others.

Answer

Communicating effectively and resolving conflicts.

Answer

Understanding and managing our own emotions.

Answer

Promoting social harmony and cooperation.

Question 36

An effective strategy to reduce the negative effects of stereotypes and prejudice is to:

Accepted Answer

Challenge assumptions, seek diverse perspectives, and promote empathy.

Answer

Ignore people who hold different beliefs or values.

Answer

Retaliate against those who express prejudiced views.

Answer

Suppress our own prejudiced thoughts and feelings.

Question 37

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

Seek out information that supports our existing beliefs.

Answer

Change our beliefs when presented with new evidence.

Answer

Consider all perspectives and evidence before forming judgments.

Answer

Ignore information that contradicts our beliefs.

Question 38

How can the self-fulfilling prophecy impact our social interactions?

Accepted Answer

It influences our behavior, leading us to act in ways that align with our expectations.

Answer

It fosters empathy and understanding in our interactions.

Answer

It helps us to build strong and trusting relationships with others.

Answer

It prevents us from being swayed by the opinions of others.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT considered a core concept in social cognition?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus-response theory

Answer

Schemas

Answer

Stereotypes

Answer

Interpersonal perception

Question 40

Schemas are defined as:

Accepted Answer

Mental frameworks that help us organize and make sense of information.

Answer

Inflexible and always accurate representations of reality.

Answer

Barriers that prevent us from forming new concepts.

Answer

Cognitive structures exclusive to social situations.

Question 41

Stereotypes can be described as:

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralized beliefs applied to a specific group of people.

Answer

Scientifically validated facts about particular groups.

Answer

Always positive and beneficial perceptions.

Answer

Concepts unrelated to social cognition.

Question 42

Prejudice is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

An unjustified negative attitude toward a specific group of people.

Answer

A universally positive and respectful attitude toward all individuals.

Answer

Equivalent to stereotyping in its nature.

Question 43

According to social identity theory, our self-concept is shaped by:

Accepted Answer

The social groups to which we belong.

Answer

The expectations of others.

Answer

Our genetic inheritance.

Answer

wyłącznie our individual experiences.

Question 44

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to:

Accepted Answer

Overemphasize internal factors and underestimate external factors when explaining others' behavior.

Answer

Solely attribute others' behavior to their personal characteristics.

Question 45

The self-serving bias is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Attributing our successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors.

Answer

Giving credit to others for our accomplishments.

Answer

Blaming others for our own mistakes.

Question 46

Which of the following is a potential consequence of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination

Answer

Greater understanding and empathy

Answer

Increased self-esteem

Answer

Enhanced intergroup relations

Question 47

In the context of public services, how can an understanding of social cognition be beneficial?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing communication and rapport with individuals receiving services

Answer

Diagnosing mental health conditions

Answer

Conducting scientific experiments

Question 48

Which of the following is not a fundamental element of social cognition?

Accepted Answer

Biological influences

Answer

Schemas

Answer

Interpersonal perception

Answer

Stereotypes

Question 49

Schemas primarily serve which purpose?

Accepted Answer

Organizing and interpreting information about the world around us

Answer

Applying exclusively to our own cultural context

Answer

Ensuring accuracy and reliability in information processing

Answer

Allowing for effortless modification

Question 50

Stereotyping has the potential to result in:

Accepted Answer

Prejudice and discrimination

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Improved communication skills

Answer

Increased empathy

Question 51

Interpersonal perception encompasses:

Accepted Answer

Forming impressions and attributing motives to others

Answer

Disregarding nonverbal cues

Answer

Exclusively focusing on our own thoughts and emotions

Question 52

Which factors can influence our interpersonal perceptions?

Accepted Answer

Physical appearance, social status, and past experiences

Answer

Exclusively our own cultural background

Answer

Solely the personality of the other person

Question 53

The fundamental attribution error refers to:

Accepted Answer

Attributing others' behavior to internal factors while overlooking situational influences

Answer

Overestimating the impact of external factors on behavior

Answer

Attributing our own behavior solely to external factors

Question 54

Which approach can contribute to reducing prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Increasing interactions with individuals from diverse backgrounds

Answer

Avoiding contact with people from different backgrounds

Answer

Relying heavily on stereotypes

Answer

Ignoring societal inequalities

Question 55

Empathy involves:

Accepted Answer

Comprehending and sharing the emotions of others

Answer

Experiencing only our own emotions

Answer

Ignoring the emotions of others

Answer

Judging others based on our own experiences

Question 56

Which of the following can hinder effective communication?

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences

Answer

Actively listening

Answer

Nonverbal cues

Answer

Using clear and concise language

Question 57

Social cognition is important for:

Accepted Answer

Navigating social situations, building relationships, and understanding ourselves and others

Answer

Making decisions based solely on logic

Answer

Only understanding our own thoughts and feelings