Running and Jumping Biomechanics: Enhance Your Performance

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a key factor that influences running performance?

Accepted Answer

Equipment used

Answer

Physiological adaptations

Answer

Nutritional intake

Answer

Environmental conditions

Question 2

What is the term for the moment of inertia around the body's vertical axis?

Accepted Answer

Rotational inertia

Answer

Planar inertia

Answer

Frontal inertia

Answer

Sagittal inertia

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of plyometric training for improving jumping performance?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced cardiovascular fitness

Answer

Increased muscle power

Answer

Improved neural activation

Answer

Reduced risk of injuries

Question 4

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for eccentrically controlling knee flexion during the landing phase of a jump?

Accepted Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Gastrocnemius

Answer

Soleus

Question 5

Which of the following factors is a major determinant of vertical jump height in athletic performance?

Accepted Answer

Power

Answer

Strength

Answer

Agility

Answer

Flexibility

Question 6

Which of the following biomechanical principles is primarily applied when an athlete utilizes countermovement to generate power for a jump?

Accepted Answer

Elastic recoil

Answer

Leverage

Answer

Momentum

Answer

Newton's third law

Question 7

Which of the following training methods is considered most effective for improving vertical jump height in athletic training programs?

Accepted Answer

Plyometrics

Answer

Isometrics

Answer

Isotonics

Answer

Circuit training

Question 8

Which factor can negatively impact running economy, leading to increased energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Excessive vertical oscillation during running

Answer

High step frequency

Answer

Long stride length

Answer

Optimal running posture

Question 9

Describe the primary role of the hip extensors, particularly the gluteal muscles, during the push-off phase of a long jump.

Accepted Answer

Generate horizontal velocity by extending the hips, propelling the body forward.

Answer

Generate vertical velocity by extending the hips, lifting the body upward.

Answer

Control knee flexion to prevent excessive forward lean during the push-off.

Answer

Stabilize the trunk to maintain balance and alignment during the push-off.

Question 10

For efficient running, what is the optimal foot strike pattern?

Accepted Answer

Midfoot strike

Answer

Heel strike

Answer

Forefoot strike

Answer

Toe strike

Question 11

In a jump, what is the highest point reached by the jumper called?

Accepted Answer

Apex

Answer

Takeoff point

Answer

Landing point

Answer

Hang time

Question 12

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for bending the knee during a jump?

Accepted Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Calves

Answer

Glutes

Question 13

What is the primary purpose of incorporating plyometric exercises into a training program for jumping?

Accepted Answer

To enhance power

Answer

To increase endurance

Answer

To improve flexibility

Answer

To build muscle mass

Question 14

Which foot strike pattern, among midfoot, rearfoot, and forefoot strikes, offers the optimal balance of running economy and injury prevention?

Accepted Answer

Midfoot strike: Best economy, reduced injury risk

Answer

Rearfoot strike: High economy, increased injury risk

Answer

Forefoot strike: Least economical, most injury-resistant

Question 15

How does **joint range of motion (ROM)** influence **jumping performance**? Discuss the impact of ROM limitations on jumping **height** and **distance**.

Accepted Answer

ROM positively affects jumping height and distance. Limited ROM hinders both height and distance by restricting movement and force generation.

Answer

ROM has no significant impact on jumping performance.

Answer

Increased ROM only enhances jumping height, not distance.

Answer

ROM limitations only affect jumping distance, not height.

Question 16

Which of the following muscles is the primary knee extensor during running?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Gluteus maximus

Answer

Calves

Answer

Hamstrings

Question 17

For optimal running efficiency and reduced impact forces, what foot strike pattern is ideal?

Accepted Answer

Midfoot strike

Answer

Lateral strike

Answer

Heel strike

Answer

Forefoot strike

Question 18

In the vertical jump, which phase primarily involves eccentric muscle action?

Accepted Answer

Landing

Answer

Hang time

Answer

Take-off

Answer

Ascent

Question 19

What is the key role of the ankle plantar flexors in jumping?

Accepted Answer

Generating propulsive force

Answer

Stabilizing the foot

Answer

Aiding in balance

Answer

Controlling landing impact

Question 20

In a vertical jump, what is the main purpose of the countermovement?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle preload

Answer

Enhanced coordination

Answer

Increased jump speed

Answer

Reduced injury risk

Question 21

For effective running training, which principle is essential?

Accepted Answer

Progressive overload

Answer

Random variation

Answer

Constant training volume

Question 22

In jumping training, what is the primary goal of plyometric exercises?

Accepted Answer

Improving power and explosiveness

Answer

Reducing body fat

Answer

Increasing flexibility

Answer

Enhancing endurance

Question 23

Which factor is a potential contributor to running-related injuries?

Accepted Answer

Inappropriate footwear

Answer

Cold weather

Answer

High levels of motivation

Question 24

After a strenuous running session, what is the recommended recovery time?

Accepted Answer

24-48 hours

Answer

It depends on the intensity of the session

Answer

More than 48 hours

Answer

Less than 24 hours