Cells and Genetics: Interactive Learning Quizzes for General Science

Question 1

Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their key structural and functional differences. Discuss the implications of these differences on their respective life processes.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not have ribosomes or DNA, while eukaryotic cells do.

Answer

Eukaryotic cells are exclusively photosynthetic, unlike prokaryotic cells.

Question 2

Which cell organelle is responsible for making proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

Which organelle in a cell is responsible for creating proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 4

What is the smallest fundamental unit of life?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Organ

Question 5

What genetic material contains the instructions for building proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 6

What cellular structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Produces proteins

Answer

Generates energy

Question 8

Which of the following is not a mechanism of cell division?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Question 9

What process involves the use of oxygen to extract energy from glucose?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the main role of the nucleus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Making proteins

Answer

Creating energy

Question 11

Which of the following is not a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Stores the cell's DNA

Answer

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Provides structural support to the cell

Answer

Facilitates cellular communication

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for carrying out protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

What is the fundamental unit of heredity?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Cell

Answer

Nucleotide

Question 14

What is the process by which the genetic code in DNA is used to create a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 15

What is the term used to describe the different versions of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Alleles

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Traits

Question 16

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modify and package proteins

Answer

Produce ribosomes

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Break down waste products

Question 17

What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.

Question 18

Which cell structure is responsible for making proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 19

Which organelle in a cell is responsible for making proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 20

Which feature is NOT shared by all living cells?

Accepted Answer

Ability to reproduce independently

Answer

Possessing DNA

Answer

Utilizing energy

Answer

Enclosed by a cell membrane

Question 21

The process of cell division, where new cells are formed, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Question 22

Within the nucleus of cells, which molecule serves as the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 23

The process by which a cell duplicates its DNA is called:

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Meiosis

Question 24

What is the primary function of ribosomes within cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Transporting materials

Answer

Decomposing waste products

Question 25

Which of the following describes a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

Brown eyes

Answer

Blue eyes

Answer

Recessive allele

Question 26

According to the law of independent assortment:

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation

Answer

An organism's phenotype is solely determined by its environment

Answer

All genes are situated on the same chromosome

Answer

An organism's genotype always matches its phenotype

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Diabetes

Question 28

What feature distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Answer

Possession of a cell wall

Answer

Absence of ribosomes

Answer

Lack of DNA

Question 29

In eukaryotic cells, where does protein synthesis primarily take place?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 30

The primary function of the cell membrane is to:

Accepted Answer

Control the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Produce energy for the cell

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Carry out protein synthesis

Question 31

Which organelle is responsible for carrying out protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Question 32

The genetic material of cells is primarily made up of:

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 33

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the stages of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Replication, Transcription, Translation

Answer

Transcription, Translation, Replication

Answer

Translation, Replication, Transcription

Answer

Replication, Translation, Transcription

Question 34

Gregor Mendel's work with pea plants is considered the foundation of:

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Evolution

Answer

Ecology

Answer

Physiology

Question 35

Which type of cell division produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary Fission

Answer

Budding

Question 36

The passing on of genetic material from parents to offspring is known as:

Accepted Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Gene Expression

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Natural Selection

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental characteristic of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to produce water

Answer

Organization

Answer

Response to stimuli

Answer

Metabolism

Question 38

What is the semipermeable barrier that encloses and safeguards the cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Vacuole

Question 39

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosome

Question 40

What is the molecule that carries the instructions for hereditary traits?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 41

Which base is NOT found in the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Guanine

Question 42

What is the process by which mRNA is created using DNA as a template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 43

What is the term for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring?

Accepted Answer

Heredity

Answer

Variation

Answer

Evolution

Answer

Adaptation

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a law proposed by Gregor Mendel regarding inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Law of Evolution

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Dominance

Question 45

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of life and the smallest living entity?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Organ

Answer

Molecule

Question 46

Which cell organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and is composed of RNA and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 47

What is the name of the genetic material found in the nucleus of cells that carries hereditary information?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Protein

Answer

RNA

Question 48

Which type of cell division results in the production of sex cells, or gametes, with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Mitosis

Question 49

What is the term for the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied to form a new molecule of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Transcription

Question 50

Which of the following refers to a change in the DNA sequence of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Variation

Answer

Evolution

Question 51

What is the term for different forms of a gene that occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Alleles

Answer

Genotypes

Answer

Phenotypes

Answer

Traits

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a dominant allele that masks the expression of a recessive allele in heterozygous individuals?

Accepted Answer

Brown hair

Answer

Recessive hair

Answer

Blue eyes

Answer

Curly hair

Question 53

Which of the following techniques involves combining genetic material from different organisms to create new organisms with desired traits?

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing