Process Concepts and Scheduling: A Comprehensive Guide for IT Professionals

Question 1

In Round-Robin scheduling, what is the purpose of the time quantum?

Accepted Answer

To limit the amount of time a process can run continuously

Answer

To determine when a process should be preempted

Answer

To calculate the priority of a process

Answer

To determine the order in which processes are scheduled

Question 2

What is a key advantage of using a multi-level feedback queue scheduler?

Accepted Answer

It provides better performance for both interactive and batch processes

Answer

It simplifies the scheduling process

Answer

It eliminates the need for preemption

Answer

It reduces memory overhead

Question 3

What is the main purpose of virtual memory?

Accepted Answer

To extend the amount of physical memory available to processes

Answer

To improve performance by caching frequently accessed data

Answer

To protect processes from accessing each other's memory

Answer

To simplify memory management

Question 4

Which of the following is an advantage of using multi-threading?

Accepted Answer

Improved performance through parallel execution

Answer

Reduced memory usage

Answer

Elimination of deadlocks

Answer

Simplified debugging

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of a scheduler in an operating system?

Accepted Answer

To manage and prioritize processes

Answer

To allocate memory to processes

Answer

To handle input/output requests

Answer

To terminate processes

Question 6

What is a potential drawback of using a process priority scheme for scheduling?

Accepted Answer

Starvation of low-priority processes

Answer

Increased overhead

Answer

Potential deadlocks

Answer

Inefficient use of resources

Question 7

What is the primary goal of a deadlock prevention algorithm?

Accepted Answer

To avoid deadlocks by restricting resource allocation

Answer

To detect and recover from deadlocks

Answer

To prioritize processes to prevent starvation

Answer

To increase system throughput

Question 8

What is the key difference between a kernel thread and a user-level thread?

Accepted Answer

User-level threads are created and managed by the application while kernel threads are created and managed by the operating system

Answer

Kernel threads run in user mode while user-level threads run in kernel mode

Answer

Kernel threads have higher priority than user-level threads

Answer

User-level threads cannot access kernel resources

Question 9

Which of the following is a common approach to implementing preemptive scheduling in operating systems?

Accepted Answer

Using a timer interrupt

Answer

Maintaining a priority queue of processes

Answer

Utilizing a round-robin scheduling algorithm

Answer

Employing a lottery-based scheduler

Question 10

What is the main advantage of using a Round-Robin scheduling algorithm?

Accepted Answer

Fairness and predictability

Answer

High throughput

Answer

Low overhead

Answer

Priority-based execution

Question 11

Which scheduling algorithm grants equal time slots to all processes and does not interrupt them once they start execution?

Accepted Answer

Round Robin Scheduling

Answer

Priority Scheduling

Answer

Shortest Job First Scheduling

Answer

First-Come, First-Served Scheduling

Question 12

In multithreaded environments, which synchronization mechanism is employed to guarantee that only one process can access a shared resource exclusively at any given moment?

Accepted Answer

Mutex

Answer

Semaphore

Answer

Monitor

Question 13

Which scheduling algorithm assigns each process a priority and executes processes with higher priorities first?

Accepted Answer

Priority Scheduling

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

Shortest Job First (SJF)

Answer

Round-Robin

Question 14

What is the key difference between a process and a thread?

Accepted Answer

A process has its own address space, while a thread shares its address space with other threads in the same process.

Answer

A process is a program, while a thread is a lightweight process.

Answer

A thread is a part of a process, while a process is a collection of threads.

Answer

A thread can be scheduled independently, while a process cannot.

Question 15

What is the main benefit of using a virtual memory system?

Accepted Answer

It extends the physical memory by using disk space

Answer

It improves memory performance

Answer

It isolates processes from each other

Answer

It prevents memory leaks

Question 16

When assessing the fairness and efficiency of scheduling algorithms in an operating system, which of these is a crucial factor to consider?

Accepted Answer

Starvation avoidance, fairness, and efficient resource utilization

Answer

Average waiting time

Answer

Throughput

Answer

Memory usage optimization

Question 17

Which state is not a valid process state?

Accepted Answer

Paused

Answer

Running

Answer

Waiting

Answer

Terminated

Question 18

What is the primary function of a process scheduler?

Accepted Answer

To determine which process should run next

Answer

To manage memory allocation for processes

Answer

To handle input/output operations for processes

Answer

To create and terminate processes

Question 19

Which scheduling algorithm prioritizes shorter processes?

Accepted Answer

Shortest Job First (SJF)

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

Round Robin

Answer

Priority Scheduling

Question 20

What is a primary benefit of context switching?

Accepted Answer

It allows the CPU to efficiently handle multiple processes

Answer

It reduces the memory consumption of processes

Answer

It speeds up the execution of individual processes

Answer

It prevents processes from interfering with each other

Question 21

What is the primary role of the kernel in an operating system?

Accepted Answer

Managing processes and system resources

Answer

Providing a user interface for interacting with the system

Answer

Handling file operations and storage

Answer

Running application programs

Question 22

Which disadvantage is associated with cooperative scheduling?

Accepted Answer

Processes can be starved if they do not voluntarily yield the CPU

Answer

It requires more overhead than preemptive scheduling

Answer

It is unfair to all processes

Answer

It is only suitable for single-processor systems

Question 23

What is the primary responsibility of the Dispatcher in process management?

Accepted Answer

Selecting the next process to run

Answer

Creating and terminating processes

Answer

Managing memory allocation for processes

Answer

Handling input/output operations for processes

Question 24

Which scheduling algorithm is most suitable for systems with real-time constraints?

Accepted Answer

Priority Scheduling

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

Shortest Job First (SJF)

Answer

Round Robin

Question 25

What distinguishes a thread from a process?

Accepted Answer

A thread is a lightweight process that shares memory space with other threads in the same process.

Answer

A process is a heavyweight thread that has its own independent memory space.

Answer

Threads are managed by the kernel, while processes are managed by the operating system.

Answer

Processes are used for long-running tasks, while threads are used for short-lived tasks.

Question 26

Which scheduling algorithm allocates a fixed time slot to each process before moving on to the next process in the ready queue?

Accepted Answer

Round Robin

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

Shortest Job First (SJF)

Question 27

Which disadvantage is associated with virtual memory management techniques in an operating system?

Accepted Answer

Program size can exceed physical memory limits

Answer

Improved memory utilization

Answer

Reduced page faults

Answer

Enhanced multitasking

Question 28

Which scheduling algorithm does not allow a process to be interrupted once it starts running?

Accepted Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

Shortest Job First (SJF)

Answer

Round Robin

Answer

Priority

Question 29

When a process is in the waiting state within an operating system, which resource is it typically waiting for?

Accepted Answer

I/O device

Answer

CPU

Answer

Memory

Answer

Network

Question 30

Which scheduling algorithm gives priority to processes with the shortest predicted completion time?

Accepted Answer

Shortest Job First (SJF)

Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

Priority Scheduling

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a standard state of a process in an operating system?

Accepted Answer

Suspended

Answer

Blocked

Answer

Ready

Answer

Running

Question 32

What is the primary responsibility of a process scheduler within an operating system?

Accepted Answer

To manage and prioritize the allocation of CPU time to processes

Answer

To manage memory allocation

Answer

To manage input and output operations

Question 33

Which scheduling algorithm allocates CPU time to processes on a first-come, first-served basis?

Accepted Answer

First-Come First-Served (FCFS)

Answer

Priority Scheduling

Answer

Shortest Job First (SJF)

Question 34

Which of the following is an advantage of using a Priority Scheduling algorithm?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that processes with higher priority are executed first

Answer

It ensures fairness to all processes

Answer

It is straightforward to implement

Question 35

What is the key distinction between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling?

Accepted Answer

Preemptive scheduling allows the CPU to be taken away from a running process, while non-preemptive scheduling does not

Answer

Preemptive scheduling is more efficient than non-preemptive scheduling

Question 36

Which of the following is a potential issue with Round-Robin scheduling?

Accepted Answer

It may cause starvation for processes that require longer bursts of CPU time

Answer

It can be unfair to processes that have higher priority

Answer

It is difficult to implement

Question 37

What is the primary goal of a Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ) scheduling algorithm?

Accepted Answer

To enhance the performance of interactive processes by providing them with faster response times

Answer

To ensure that all processes receive equal amounts of CPU time

Answer

To minimize the average waiting time for all processes

Question 38

What is the primary purpose of using threads in an operating system?

Accepted Answer

To provide a lightweight way of executing multiple tasks within a single process

Answer

To protect the operating system from user programs

Answer

To manage memory allocation

Question 39

What is the primary role of a CPU scheduler?

Accepted Answer

To determine which process should run next and allocate CPU time

Answer

To handle input/output operations

Answer

To allocate memory to processes

Answer

To terminate running processes

Question 40

Which scheduling algorithm divides time into fixed-length intervals (time slices) and allocates the CPU to processes in a cyclical manner?

Accepted Answer

Round-robin scheduling

Answer

Shortest job first scheduling

Answer

First-come, first-served scheduling

Answer

Priority scheduling

Question 41

What is a key advantage of using a priority scheduling algorithm?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that processes with higher priorities are executed before processes with lower priorities

Answer

It always results in the shortest waiting time for all processes

Answer

It prevents starvation of processes

Question 42

What is the primary purpose of a process control block (PCB)?

Accepted Answer

To store and manage information about a process, including its state, resources, and status

Answer

To allocate memory for a process

Answer

To manage the execution of machine instructions

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT stored in a PCB?

Accepted Answer

Program code

Answer

Process ID

Answer

Current state

Answer

Priority

Question 44

What is a key difference between a thread and a process?

Accepted Answer

A thread shares the same address space and resources as its parent process, while a process has its own private address space and resources

Answer

A thread cannot be interrupted or preempted

Answer

A thread is a separate program that runs independently of its parent process

Question 45

What is the primary function of a semaphore in concurrent programming?

Accepted Answer

To synchronize access to shared resources and prevent multiple processes from accessing the same resource simultaneously

Answer

To handle inter-process communication

Answer

To schedule processes on the CPU

Question 46

Which scheduling algorithm assigns time slots of equal length to processes and cycles through them?

Accepted Answer

Round-robin

Answer

First-Come-First-Served

Answer

Shortest-Job-First

Answer

Priority

Question 47

Which of the following is a key benefit of multiprogramming?

Accepted Answer

Improved CPU utilization

Answer

Reduced latency

Answer

Enhanced security

Answer

Improved reliability

Question 48

What is the primary purpose of context switching?

Accepted Answer

To preserve and restore the state of a process when it is swapped out of memory

Answer

To terminate a process

Answer

To allocate memory to a process

Answer

To prioritize processes

Question 49

Which of the following is a type of deadlock?

Accepted Answer

Resource starvation

Answer

Network outage

Answer

Hardware failure

Answer

Code error

Question 50

What is the main function of a semaphore?

Accepted Answer

To prevent concurrent access to shared resources

Answer

To terminate processes

Answer

To prioritize processes

Answer

To allocate memory

Question 51

Which of the following is a potential drawback of time-sharing operating systems?

Accepted Answer

Increased overhead

Answer

Improved security

Answer

Reduced reliability

Answer

Enhanced performance

Question 52

What is the primary role of a page table?

Accepted Answer

To translate virtual memory addresses to physical memory addresses

Answer

To allocate memory to processes

Answer

To store process state