Cell Biology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of Cells and Their Functions

Question 1

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifies and packages proteins for secretion

Answer

Synthesizes proteins from amino acids

Answer

Produces energy for the cell

Answer

Stores and releases calcium ions

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Cell signalling

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Cell recognition

Question 3

Explain cell differentiation and its importance in tissue development and repair.

Accepted Answer

Cell differentiation is the process where unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function during development and throughout an organism's life.

Answer

Cell differentiation only occurs in embryonic cells.

Answer

Differentiated cells can revert back to embryonic stem cells.

Answer

Cell differentiation has no implications for tissue development and repair.

Question 4

How do cellular malfunctions contribute to disease development?

Accepted Answer

Cellular malfunctions can disrupt tissue and organ function, potentially leading to disease.

Answer

Cellular malfunctions only affect individual cells and have no broader implications for the organism.

Answer

Cellular malfunctions are exclusively inherited traits and cannot be acquired throughout life.

Question 5

Which microscopy technique allows scientists to visualize specific molecules or structures within cells by using fluorescent tags?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence microscopy

Answer

Light microscopy

Answer

Electron microscopy

Answer

None of the above

Question 6

Embryonic stem cells possess a unique ability to differentiate into various cell types. Which statement best describes this remarkable potency?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body.

Answer

Embryonic stem cells can only differentiate into cells of the same germ layer.

Answer

Embryonic stem cells can only differentiate into cells of the tissue from which they originated.

Question 7

How do environmental cues, such as growth factors and extracellular matrix components, affect cell growth, differentiation, and survival?

Accepted Answer

Environmental cues trigger intracellular signaling pathways that alter gene expression, influencing cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

Answer

Growth factors mainly promote cell survival and differentiation, while extracellular matrix components primarily regulate cell growth.

Answer

Environmental cues have no direct impact on cell growth, differentiation, or survival.

Answer

Environmental cues can only affect cell growth but have no effect on differentiation or survival.

Question 8

In signal transduction pathways, G-proteins play a key role. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Activating specific effectors downstream to relay the signal

Answer

Binding to extracellular signals and initiating the signal transduction cascade

Answer

Amplifying the signal by producing multiple copies of the original signal molecule

Question 9

What is NOT a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Provides structural support

Answer

Facilitates cell-to-cell communication

Question 10

The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells is called:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 11

Which organelle is primarily responsible for generating energy for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Absence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Smaller size compared to prokaryotic cells

Answer

Simpler cell division process

Question 13

During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA duplicated?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 14

Which molecule is the primary carrier of genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Lipid

Question 15

Cell signaling refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Transmission of information between cells

Answer

Breakdown of nutrients for energy

Answer

Storage of genetic information

Answer

Regulation of cell growth and division

Question 16

Which type of transport moves molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring cellular energy?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 17

The process of cellular respiration occurs primarily within which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 18

Which of the following is not a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Generating energy for the cell.

Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Answer

Protecting the cell from its environment.

Answer

Sending and receiving signals.

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Which type of transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Facilitated transport

Answer

Diffusion

Question 21

Which of the following is not a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lack membrane-bound organelles.

Answer

Have a nucleus bound by a nuclear envelope.

Answer

Contain ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Answer

Have a cytoskeleton for support and movement.

Question 22

What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

To provide structural support for the cell.

Answer

To transport vesicles and organelles within the cell.

Answer

To facilitate cell division.

Answer

To regulate cell signaling.

Question 23

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis.

Answer

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Answer

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase, cytokinesis.

Answer

Prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase, cytokinesis.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

An absence of ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer

A well-defined nucleus enclosed within a membrane

Answer

Membrane-bound organelles compartmentalizing specific functions

Answer

A cytosol, a fluid-filled matrix within the cell

Question 25

Cell division, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 26

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for protein synthesis within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

The selective movement of molecules across a cellular membrane, requiring energy input, is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 28

Which of the following chemical messengers is an example of a hormone?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Amino acid

Question 29

The process by which cells engulf large particles from the extracellular environment is called:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Pinocytosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Carrying out protein synthesis

Answer

Providing structural support and protection for the cell

Answer

Regulating the transport of molecules into and out of the cell

Answer

Facilitating communication between cells through signaling molecules

Question 31

During cell division, the condensed, thread-like structures visible within the nucleus are known as:

Accepted Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Chromatin

Answer

Cilia

Question 32

The process by which cells release substances from within the cell to the extracellular environment is known as:

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 33

Which component is NOT a major constituent of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Cholesterol

Answer

Proteins

Question 34

What process describes the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration without energy input?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated transport

Answer

Active transport

Question 35

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 36

What is the name of the process by which a cell splits into two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 37

Which of the following is a critical function of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Producing ribosomes

Answer

Transporting proteins

Answer

Synthesizing carbohydrates

Question 38

Which technique is commonly used to study the fine details of cell structure?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy

Answer

Light microscopy

Answer

Fluorescence microscopy

Answer

Confocal microscopy

Question 39

Which of the following is not a component of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Tubulin

Answer

Actin

Answer

Myosin

Question 40

What is the primary role of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer

Stores genetic material

Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Answer

Produces oxygen

Question 41

Which type of transport mechanism requires energy?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 42

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 43

Which process is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Meiosis

Question 44

What is the function of mitochondria in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Protein degradation

Answer

Waste disposal

Question 45

What is the specific role of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies and packages proteins for secretion

Answer

Synthesizes lipids

Answer

Produces ribosomes

Answer

Breaks down cellular waste

Question 46

The process by which cells divide to produce two genetically identical daughter cells is called:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 47

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 48

The passive transport of ions across a cell membrane is facilitated by:

Accepted Answer

Ion channels

Answer

Carrier proteins

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 49

Which of the following is a key difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Answer

Absence of mitochondria

Answer

Presence of centrioles

Answer

Shape of the nucleus

Question 50

The universal energy currency of cells is:

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

GTP

Answer

NADH

Answer

FADH2

Question 51

Which type of microscope generates images by using a beam of electrons?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscope

Answer

Light microscope

Answer

Scanning probe microscope

Answer

Confocal microscope

Question 52

Which of the following is **not** a type of membrane transport?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 53

What is the primary function of the ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Answer

To provide energy for cellular processes

Question 54

What is a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

To provide structural support to the cell

Answer

To carry out photosynthesis

Answer

To store energy for cellular processes

Question 55

Which of the following is a characteristic **unique** to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Absence of ribosomes

Answer

Small cell size

Answer

Lack of membrane-bound organelles

Question 56

Which of the following is **not** a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

To regulate cell division

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To store calcium ions

Answer

To modify and transport carbohydrates

Question 57

What is the primary role of enzymes in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

To increase the rate of chemical reactions

Answer

To provide energy for cellular processes

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Answer

To transport molecules across cell membranes

Question 58

Which of the following is a type of **simple** passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 59

What is a primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

To modify, sort, and package proteins for secretion

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To regulate cell division

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Conducts photosynthesis

Answer

Protects the cell's interior

Answer

Regulates substance exchange

Answer

Provides structural support

Question 61

Where in the cell does protein synthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 62

Which feature characterises eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-enclosed nucleus

Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes

Answer

Circular DNA

Answer

Absence of organelles

Question 63

Which process results in identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 64

Which transport type involves the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Active transport