Cell Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Sixth Form Biology

Question 1

Which of the following is the selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 2

The process of cell division that produces genetically identical daughter cells is:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 3

Which of the following is a regulatory protein involved in controlling the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cyclin

Answer

Histone

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 4

Which of the following organelles is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Nucleus

Question 5

Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

Which of the following functions is NOT carried out by the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Protein modification and packaging

Answer

Formation of lysosomes

Answer

Secretion of cellular products

Question 7

What feature is exclusive to eukaryotic cells, setting them apart from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Circular DNA

Answer

Cell membrane

Question 8

What is a possible outcome of uncontrolled cell division in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Answer

Programmed cell death

Answer

Cell differentiation

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope

Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 10

The organelle responsible for generating most of the cell's energy is the:

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Which of the following processes results in the separation of sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Interphase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell

Answer

Providing support and protection for the cell

Answer

Communicating with other cells

Question 13

Which type of microscope uses a beam of electrons to create images with high magnification?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscope

Answer

Light microscope

Answer

Scanning probe microscope

Answer

Atomic force microscope

Question 14

The structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm is called the:

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cytosol

Question 15

Which of the following organelles is involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

The process by which cells divide to create new cells is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cell division

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Osmosis

Question 17

What feature is absent in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 18

What process results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Replication

Question 19

Which cell organelle is involved in modifying and packaging proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Question 20

Which process creates four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Karyokinesis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 21

What cell structure houses the cell's genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Lysosome

Question 22

At which stage of mitosis do chromosomes condense and become visible?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 23

Which transport mechanism relies on the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 24

Which organelles contain digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Peroxisomes

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 25

Ribosomes play a crucial role in protein synthesis. What is their specific function in this process?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain

Answer

Joining amino acids to form proteins

Answer

Synthesizing RNA molecules

Answer

Assembling tRNA molecules into a polypeptide chain

Question 26

Identify the cell organelle primarily responsible for ribosome synthesis.

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 27

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the passage of substances between the cell and its surroundings

Answer

Storing genetic material

Answer

Generating cellular energy

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 28

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align along the equator of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 29

What is the primary function of centrioles?

Accepted Answer

Organizing microtubule spindle fibers during cell division

Answer

Replicating DNA

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Transporting materials within the cell

Question 30

Which type of cell division produces gametes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 31

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins

Answer

Synthesizing lipids

Answer

Generating energy

Answer

Breaking down waste products

Question 32

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is responsible for making proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosome

Question 33

Which characteristic is unique to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Possession of membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Ability to undergo mitosis

Answer

Relatively smaller size

Question 34

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi bodies

Answer

Vacuoles

Question 35

What is the primary role of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer

Stores hereditary information

Answer

Produces proteins

Answer

Generates energy for the cell

Question 36

Diffusion is a form of:

Accepted Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 37

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Anaphase I

Answer

Telophase I

Question 38

Which structure plays a crucial role in organizing microtubule spindle fibers during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 39

Bacteria is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Animal cell

Answer

Plant cell

Question 40

What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomes

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Answer

Regulation of cell growth

Answer

Generation of energy

Question 41

Which of the following statements accurately describes the differences between apoptosis and necrosis?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death characterized by shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation.

Accepted Answer

Necrosis is an accidental cell death characterized by cell swelling, organelle damage, and leakage of cellular contents.

Answer

Both apoptosis and necrosis involve the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, triggering inflammation.

Answer

Apoptosis is always beneficial to the organism.

Question 42

Which of the following structures is responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 43

What is the name of the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 44

Which type of cell has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Plant cell

Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Animal cell

Question 45

What is a primary function of microtubules in cells?

Accepted Answer

Provide structural support and assist in cell division

Answer

Transport substances within the cell

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Question 46

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration, producing energy for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Lysosome

Question 47

What is the process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cell division

Question 48

Which stage of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Answer

Prophase

Question 49

What is the main difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?

Accepted Answer

Diploid cells have twice the number of chromosomes as haploid cells.

Answer

Diploid cells are only found in animals.

Answer

Haploid cells are only found in plants.

Question 50

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies and packages proteins for secretion or intracellular use

Answer

Synthesizes lipids

Answer

Breaks down waste materials

Answer

Produces ATP