Transition Metals: Properties, Bonding, and Applications

Question 1

Which of these properties is characteristic of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Good conductors of heat and electricity

Answer

Low melting point

Answer

High reactivity

Answer

Low density

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

High thermal conductivity

Answer

Variable oxidation states

Answer

Formation of colorful ions

Answer

Flexibility and malleability

Question 3

The coordination complex [Fe(CN)6]4- has a coordination number of:

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

4

Answer

8

Answer

10

Question 4

Which of the following ligands is a strong field ligand?

Accepted Answer

CN-

Answer

Cl-

Answer

NH3

Answer

H2O

Question 5

The IUPAC name for the complex [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] is:

Accepted Answer

Diamminechloridoplatinum(II)

Answer

Dichloridodiammineplatinum(II)

Answer

Tetraammineplatinum(II) chloride

Answer

Platinum(II) diammine chloride

Question 6

Which of the following reactions is an example of redox chemistry involving transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2

Answer

AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3

Answer

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Answer

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Question 7

The catalytic converter in a car functions primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Reducing harmful pollutants in exhaust gases

Answer

Increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion

Answer

Improving engine performance

Answer

Preventing engine overheating

Question 8

Which of the following statements about transition metal complexes is true?

Accepted Answer

They can display geometric and optical isomerism

Answer

They exhibit diamagnetism only

Answer

They are all highly soluble in water

Answer

They have no biological significance

Question 9

The spectrochemical series arranges ligands based on their:

Accepted Answer

Crystal field splitting energy

Answer

Coordination strength

Answer

Redox potential

Answer

Molecular weight

Question 10

The Jahn-Teller effect is commonly observed in coordination complexes with:

Accepted Answer

d4 and d9 electron configurations

Answer

d5 and d10 electron configurations

Answer

sp3 hybridization

Answer

Trigonal bipyramidal geometry

Question 11

The coordination sphere of [Fe(CN)6]3- contains:

Accepted Answer

6 cyanide ligands and 1 iron(III) ion

Answer

1 cyanide ligand and 6 iron(III) ions

Answer

6 cyanide ligands and 2 iron(III) ions

Answer

4 cyanide ligands and 2 iron(III) ions

Question 12

The strongest type of ligand is considered to be:

Accepted Answer

Anionic

Answer

Cationic

Answer

Neutral

Answer

Water

Question 13

The most common oxidation state of iron in transition metal complexes is:

Accepted Answer

+3

Answer

+1

Answer

+2

Answer

+4

Question 14

Which electronic configuration is a defining characteristic of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

ns^2 nd^5

Answer

ns^2 np^6

Answer

ns^2 np^5

Answer

ns^2 nd^4

Question 15

What type of bonding is primarily responsible for the formation of coordination complexes?

Accepted Answer

Coordinate covalent bonding

Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Ionic bonding

Answer

Metallic bonding

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a common ligand in coordination complexes?

Accepted Answer

O2-

Answer

H2O

Answer

NH3

Answer

Cl-

Question 17

What is the isomerism that results from different spatial arrangements of ligands around a central metal ion called?

Accepted Answer

Stereoisomerism

Answer

Structural isomerism

Answer

Enantiomerism

Answer

Diastereoisomerism

Question 18

Which of the following properties is a distinctive characteristic of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Ability to exhibit multiple oxidation states

Answer

Possession of high electrical conductivity

Answer

Low melting points

Answer

High reactivity with acids

Question 19

In the formation of a coordination complex, which type of bond is established between the metal ion and the ligand?

Accepted Answer

Coordinate bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 20

Which of the following is a well-known example of a chelating ligand?

Accepted Answer

EDTA

Answer

Ammonia

Answer

Water

Answer

Chloride

Question 21

For a tetrahedral complex ion, what is the expected molecular geometry?

Accepted Answer

Tetrahedral

Answer

Linear

Answer

Trigonal planar

Answer

Square planar

Question 22

Provide the IUPAC name for the complex [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl

Accepted Answer

Tetraamminechloridocobalt(II) chloride

Answer

Tetraamminedichlorocobalt(II)

Answer

Hexaamminecobalt(II) chloride

Answer

Dichlorocobalt(II) tetraammine

Question 23

Which of the following reactions exemplifies a redox process involving a transition metal ion?

Accepted Answer

Fe2+ + 2e- → Fe

Answer

Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl

Answer

PbSO4 + 2H+ → Pb2+ + SO42- + H2O

Answer

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

Question 24

Describe the fundamental principle behind the use of transition metal complexes as catalysts.

Accepted Answer

They provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.

Answer

They increase the reaction temperature.

Answer

They reduce the concentration of reactants.

Answer

They eliminate products from the reaction.

Question 25

Which type of ligand can form only a sigma bond with a metal ion?

Accepted Answer

Monodentate

Answer

Bidentate

Answer

Chelating

Answer

Bridging

Question 26

What is the electron geometry of [Fe(CN)6]4-?

Accepted Answer

Octahedral

Answer

Tetrahedral

Answer

Square planar

Answer

Trigonal bipyramidal

Question 27

Identify the type of isomerism exhibited by the coordination complex [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Br.

Accepted Answer

Geometrical isomerism

Answer

Optical isomerism

Answer

Ionization isomerism

Answer

Coordination isomerism

Question 28

What type of bonding is primarily responsible for the formation of transition metal complexes?

Accepted Answer

Coordinate bonding

Answer

Ionic bonding

Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Metallic bonding

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a type of ligand?

Accepted Answer

Cation

Answer

Anion

Answer

Neutral molecule

Answer

Solvent molecule

Question 30

What is the term used to describe the number of ligands bonded to a metal ion in a complex?

Accepted Answer

Coordination number

Answer

Oxidation number

Answer

Ligand number

Answer

Complex number

Question 31

What is the hybridization of the metal ion in the complex [Fe(CN)6]4-?

Accepted Answer

d2sp3

Answer

sp3

Answer

sp3d2

Answer

dsp2

Question 32

Which of the following statements about transition metals is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

They are all ferromagnetic.

Answer

They exhibit variable oxidation states.

Answer

They have a strong affinity for ligands.

Answer

They play a crucial role in biological processes.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the stability of coordination complexes?

Accepted Answer

The pH of the solution

Answer

The charge of the metal ion

Answer

The number of d-electrons in the metal ion

Answer

The size of the ligands

Question 34

The Jahn-Teller effect causes a distortion in the geometry of coordination complexes. What is this effect and how does it impact the complex's shape?

Accepted Answer

The Jahn-Teller effect occurs when there are unpaired electrons in the metal ion's d orbitals, causing the complex to distort to minimize energy.

Answer

The Jahn-Teller effect is a type of chemical bond between a metal ion and a ligand.

Answer

The Jahn-Teller effect only affects octahedral coordination complexes.

Question 35

How does d-orbital splitting affect the properties of coordination complexes?

Accepted Answer

It determines the number of unpaired electrons, influencing magnetic properties.

Answer

It has no impact on ligand bonding.

Answer

It only occurs in octahedral complexes.

Answer

It only occurs for d^5 or d^10 electron configurations.

Question 36

How do coordination complexes act as catalysts in industrial and environmental processes?

Accepted Answer

Coordination complexes lower the activation energy of reactions, providing an alternative pathway.

Answer

Coordination complexes increase reactant concentration, speeding up reactions.

Answer

Coordination complexes primarily change the pH of the reaction, affecting reaction rates.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a typical property of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

Low electrical conductivity

Answer

Variable oxidation states

Answer

High melting point

Answer

Formation of colored ions

Question 38

The stability of transition metal complexes can primarily be explained by:

Accepted Answer

Crystal Field Theory

Answer

Valence Bond Theory

Answer

Hybridization Theory

Answer

Molecular Orbital Theory

Question 39

Which of the following ligands is considered a strong-field ligand?

Accepted Answer

CN-

Answer

Cl-

Answer

H2O

Answer

NH3

Question 40

Write the IUPAC name for the complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2.

Accepted Answer

Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride

Answer

Chloroamminecobalt(III) chloride

Answer

Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride

Answer

Pentaamminecobalt(III) chloride

Question 41

Identify the redox reaction that involves a transition metal.

Accepted Answer

Fe2+ + 2e- -> Fe

Answer

NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H2O

Answer

2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl

Answer

CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O

Question 42

Which of the following properties is **NOT** characteristic of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

High electrical conductivity

Answer

Formation of colored ions

Answer

Ability to act as catalysts

Answer

Variable oxidation states

Question 43

The coordination complex [Fe(CN)6]4- has a total charge of:

Accepted Answer

-4

Answer

+6

Answer

-2

Answer

+4

Question 44

Which of the following is a common use of potassium permanganate?

Accepted Answer

Disinfectant

Answer

Food additive

Answer

Rocket fuel

Answer

Reducing agent

Question 45

The reaction of zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid produces:

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen gas

Answer

Carbon dioxide gas

Answer

Chlorine gas

Answer

Oxygen gas

Question 46

The electron configuration of the scandium(III) ion, Sc3+, is:

Accepted Answer

[Ar]3d0

Answer

[Ar]3d2

Answer

[Ar]3d1

Answer

[Ar]3d3

Question 47

What is the oxidation state of chromium in the dichromate ion, Cr2O72-?

Accepted Answer

+6

Answer

+4

Answer

+2

Answer

+3

Question 48

Which of the following is **NOT** a property of transition metals?

Accepted Answer

They tend to form only ionic compounds.

Answer

They are good catalysts.

Answer

They exhibit variable oxidation states.

Answer

They form colored compounds.

Question 49

What is the oxidation state of manganese in the permanganate ion (MnO4-)?

Accepted Answer

+7

Answer

+2

Answer

+6

Answer

+4

Question 50

Which of the following is a characteristic of a coordination complex?

Accepted Answer

It contains a central metal ion surrounded by ligands.

Answer

It is always neutral in charge.

Answer

It is always formed by ionic bonding.

Question 51

What is the coordination number of the central metal ion in [Fe(CN)6]4-?

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

8

Answer

2

Answer

4

Question 52

Which of the following ligands is bidentate?

Accepted Answer

Ethylenediamine (en)

Answer

Ammonia (NH3)

Answer

Water (H2O)

Answer

Chloride (Cl-)

Question 53

Which transition metal is commonly used as a catalyst in the Haber process for ammonia synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Copper

Answer

Gold

Answer

Silver

Question 54

Which statement best describes the reason why transition metals form colored compounds?

Accepted Answer

They have partially filled d orbitals that allow for electronic transitions when light is absorbed.

Answer

They are always bonded to ligands that are colored.

Answer

They are always in high oxidation states.

Question 55

Which of the following is an example of an isomerism found in coordination complexes?

Accepted Answer

Cis-trans isomerism

Answer

Positional isomerism

Answer

Functional group isomerism

Answer

Chain isomerism

Question 56

What is the primary reason for the application of transition metal complexes in analytical chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Their ability to form colored solutions, which can be used for spectrophotometric analysis.

Answer

Their low solubility, which allows for easy precipitation.

Answer

Their high reactivity, which allows for quick reactions.