Biological Psychology: Exploring the Brain-Behavior Connection

Question 1

What is neuroplasticity and how does it contribute to learning, memory, and brain injury recovery?

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life, enabling learning, memory formation, and recovery from brain injuries.

Answer

Neuroplasticity only occurs during childhood and adolescence.

Answer

Neuroplasticity primarily involves the growth of new neurons in the brain.

Question 2

How do genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of mental health disorders? Consider their implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Accepted Answer

Both genetic and environmental factors interact in the development of mental health disorders.

Answer

Genetic factors alone determine the occurrence of mental health disorders.

Answer

Environmental factors solely cause mental health disorders.

Question 3

In genetic testing, which ethical principle emphasizes individuals' right to make informed choices about their healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of the limbic system in emotional processing?

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, particularly the amygdala, is involved in forming emotional responses to stimuli.

Answer

The limbic system is solely responsible for generating emotions.

Answer

The limbic system is primarily involved in processing emotions related to pleasure and contentment.

Answer

The limbic system is not directly involved in emotional processing and is primarily associated with memory functions.

Question 5

Which higher-order cognitive function is primarily associated with the prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Decision-making and impulse control

Answer

Memory storage and retrieval

Answer

Coordination of sensory and motor functions

Question 6

How can neuroimaging techniques be used in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders?

Accepted Answer

Neuroimaging techniques can aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment effectiveness for mental health disorders.

Answer

Neuroimaging techniques are only used to diagnose mental health disorders.

Answer

Neuroimaging techniques provide a definitive diagnosis for all mental health disorders.

Answer

Neuroimaging techniques have no role in developing new treatments for mental health disorders.

Question 7

Which part of a neuron receives signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body (Soma)

Question 8

What is the primary function of the hippocampus in memory formation and consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Creating new episodic memories

Answer

Storing short-term memories

Answer

Retrieving old semantic memories

Answer

Storing long-term procedural memories

Question 9

Elaborate on the distinct roles of serotonin and dopamine in the brain. Analyze how their dysregulation can lead to mental health conditions.

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is primarily involved in mood regulation and is linked to depression when dysregulated.

Accepted Answer

Dopamine, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in reward and motivation, and is associated with schizophrenia when dysregulated.

Answer

Both serotonin and dopamine are inhibitory neurotransmitters, primarily responsible for decreasing neural activity.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly describes the polygenic and pleiotropy models of genetic contributions to behavior?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic: Multiple genes influence a single trait; Pleiotropy: A single gene affects multiple traits

Answer

Pleiotropy: Multiple genes influence a single trait; Polygenic: A single gene affects multiple traits

Answer

Both models suggest genetics has a limited impact on behavior

Question 11

In forensic settings, how do ethical guidelines and legal frameworks influence the use of biological psychology research findings?

Accepted Answer

Both ethical guidelines and legal frameworks are essential for responsible use of biological psychology research in forensic settings.

Answer

Ethical guidelines and legal frameworks are irrelevant to using biological psychology research.

Answer

Ethical guidelines are based solely on the researcher's personal opinions.

Answer

Legal frameworks provide complete and clear guidelines for all ethical concerns.

Question 12

Twin studies are frequently used in psychology to investigate the influence of:

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Environment

Answer

Culture

Answer

Gender

Question 13

The process by which neurons communicate with each other, transmitting signals across synapses, is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Synaptic transmission

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Myelination

Answer

Dendritic arborization

Question 14

The concept of 'neural plasticity' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to experiences

Answer

The electrical properties of neurons

Answer

The way hormones affect behaviour

Answer

The role of genetics in brain development

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is known to play a crucial role in memory, attention, and cognitive function?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Question 16

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital

Answer

Frontal

Answer

Parietal

Answer

Temporal

Question 17

Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland when the body experiences stress?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Question 18

Which technique is employed to measure brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

EEG

Answer

PET

Answer

MEG

Question 19

Which part of the brain plays a central role in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is commonly referred to as the 'reward chemical' due to its role in pleasure and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Question 21

What is the term for the brain's ability to adapt and change in response to new experiences?

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity

Answer

Synaptic pruning

Answer

Long-term potentiation

Answer

Neurogenesis

Question 22

Which brain imaging technique provides both structural and functional information about the brain?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

EEG

Answer

PET

Answer

MEG

Question 23

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 24

Identify the hormone that primarily regulates blood sugar levels in the body.

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 25

Which of the following is a non-scientific method used to study the brain?

Accepted Answer

Astrology

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Question 26

What is the genetic basis for the development of sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive inheritance

Answer

Autosomal dominant inheritance

Answer

Sex-linked dominant inheritance

Answer

Sex-linked recessive inheritance

Question 27

Which symptom is commonly associated with the neurological disorder, Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Tremors

Answer

Reduced attention

Answer

Increased anxiety

Answer

Hallucinations

Question 28

Identify the purpose of the amygdala within the human brain.

Accepted Answer

Processing emotions, especially fear and anxiety

Answer

Storing and retrieving memories

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Controlling sleep-wake cycles

Question 29

What is the term for the brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to new experiences and learning?

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity

Answer

Myelination

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Synaptic pruning

Question 30

Which ethical concern is of primary importance in research involving human participants in biological psychology?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent

Answer

Protecting confidentiality

Answer

Avoiding conflicts of interest

Answer

Preventing data manipulation

Question 31

Which neurotransmitter is most strongly associated with reward and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Glutamate

Question 32

What is the primary function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Processing of emotions and memories

Answer

Coordination of movement

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Maintenance of consciousness

Question 33

Which hormone is released in response to stress and stimulates the body's 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Melatonin

Question 34

Which neuroimaging technique measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

EEG

Answer

PET

Answer

TMS

Question 35

Which neurotransmitter is the primary neurotransmitter involved in long-term potentiation?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Question 36

Which psychological theory emphasizes the influence of genes on individual differences in behavior?

Accepted Answer

Behavior genetics

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Psychodynamic theory

Answer

Social learning theory

Question 37

What is a major ethical concern associated with genetic testing for psychological traits?

Accepted Answer

Potential for discrimination

Answer

Lack of accuracy

Answer

Cost of testing

Answer

Invasiveness of the procedure

Question 38

Which neurodegenerative disorder is primarily characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 39

In the fight-or-flight response, which neurotransmitter is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 40

Regulation of body temperature and sleep-wake cycles is controlled by which brain structure?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 41

Which hormone prepares the body for action, released in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Question 42

Detailed images of the brain are obtained using which neuroimaging technique that combines magnetic fields and radio waves?

Accepted Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT)

Question 43

Characterized by intellectual disability and distinct facial features, which genetic disorder is caused by an extra chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Depression

Question 44

Processing of visual information is primarily associated with which lobe of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 45

The neurotransmitter associated with reward and pleasure is:

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

GABA

Question 46

Which hormone plays a crucial role in controlling blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 47

Observing behavior in its natural setting is a research method known as:

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Laboratory experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Survey

Question 48

Which region of the brain is primarily responsible for voluntary movement, planning, and higher-order thinking?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Limbic system

Question 49

Which neurotransmitter is closely associated with the 'reward pathway' and plays a crucial role in motivation and addiction?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

GABA

Question 50

Which neuroimaging technique involves placing electrodes on the scalp to record the brain's electrical activity?

Accepted Answer

EEG

Answer

fMRI

Answer

PET

Answer

TMS

Question 51

Which endocrine gland is considered the 'master gland' due to its role in regulating hormone production by other endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 52

Which genetic research method involves studying identical twins raised in different environments?

Accepted Answer

Twin study

Answer

Family study

Answer

Adoption study

Answer

Genome-wide association study (GWAS)

Question 53

Which brain structure is heavily involved in the formation and retrieval of memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 54

Which hormone is released by the body in response to stress and leads to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 55

Which method of genetic analysis involves examining specific variations in DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Pedigree analysis

Answer

Linkage analysis

Answer

Karyotyping

Question 56

Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation, appetite, and sleep?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 57

Which brain imaging technique measures brain activity indirectly by detecting changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

PET

Answer

EEG

Answer

TMS

Question 58

Which brain structure plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature, thirst, hunger, and sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 59

In the context of neuroendocrinology, which hormone is primarily released by the pituitary gland in response to perceived stress?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 60

Which neurotransmitter is known for its involvement in reward pathways, movement control, and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 61

Which brain imaging technique utilizes powerful magnets to generate detailed images of brain structures and their activity patterns?

Accepted Answer

MRI

Answer

EEG

Answer

PET

Answer

fMRI

Question 62

Which neuroanatomical pathway is primarily responsible for triggering the body's fight-or-flight response to perceived threats?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Question 63

Which neurochemical imbalance hypothesis has been strongly associated with the development of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Both excess dopamine and reduced serotonin

Answer

Excess dopamine

Answer

Reduced serotonin

Answer

Increased glutamate

Question 64

Which neurotransmitter is closely associated with the experience of pleasure and reward?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate