Rocks and Minerals Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

Formed from cooling magma or lava

Answer

Formed from layers or bands

Answer

Formed from compression of existing rocks

Answer

Formed from alteration of other rocks by heat and pressure

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a metamorphic rock?

Accepted Answer

Slate

Answer

Granite

Answer

Basalt

Answer

Chalk

Question 3

Which mineral is renowned for its exceptional hardness?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Calcite

Answer

Talc

Question 4

Which mineral is the primary component of limestone?

Accepted Answer

Calcite

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Feldspar

Answer

Mica

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of rock cycle?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphic to igneous to sedimentary

Answer

Igneous to metamorphic to sedimentary

Answer

Sedimentary to metamorphic to igneous

Answer

Sedimentary to igneous to metamorphic

Question 6

Which of the following is **not** considered a type of rock?

Accepted Answer

Organic

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 7

Metamorphic rocks result from the transformation of pre-existing rocks when they are subjected to:

Accepted Answer

Extreme heat and pressure

Answer

Cooling and solidification from molten material

Answer

Compaction and cementation of sediments

Answer

Exposure to weathering and erosion

Question 8

A defining characteristic of igneous rocks is their:

Accepted Answer

Crystalline structure

Answer

Fine-grained texture

Answer

Presence of fossils

Answer

Loosely packed particles

Question 9

The process of rocks breaking down into smaller pieces is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Compaction

Answer

Cementation

Question 10

Sedimentary rocks are primarily formed in environments such as:

Accepted Answer

Lakes and oceans

Answer

Volcanic eruptions

Answer

Faults and fractures

Answer

Mountain ranges

Question 11

The scale commonly used to measure the hardness of minerals is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Mohs scale

Answer

Richter scale

Answer

Kelvin scale

Answer

Celsius scale

Question 12

The chemical composition of a mineral is primarily determined by its:

Accepted Answer

Atomic structure

Answer

Colour and luster

Answer

Hardness and cleavage

Answer

Crystal shape and size

Question 13

Which kind of rock forms when magma cools and solidifies?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Marble

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Limestone

Question 14

Which feature is NOT typical of metamorphic rocks?

Accepted Answer

Loose and crumbly texture

Answer

Banded or foliated structure

Answer

Formed under high pressure and temperature

Answer

Formed from existing rocks

Question 15

What is the key difference between a rock and a mineral?

Accepted Answer

Rocks are mixtures of minerals, while minerals have a specific chemical composition.

Answer

Minerals are naturally occurring, while rocks are man-made.

Answer

Rocks consist of a single mineral, while minerals have a complex structure.

Answer

Minerals are found on the Earth's surface, while rocks are found underground.

Question 16

What is the name of the process where magma cools and hardens within the Earth's crust?

Accepted Answer

Intrusion

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Metamorphism

Question 17

What is the primary function of minerals in the Earth's crust?

Accepted Answer

They form the basic components of rocks.

Answer

They supply vital nutrients for plant growth.

Answer

They regulate the Earth's temperature.

Answer

They generate electricity.

Question 18

Which characteristic is NOT a physical property of minerals?

Accepted Answer

Chemical composition

Answer

Color

Answer

Hardness

Answer

Density

Question 19

Which of the following rock types is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 20

Which mineral is known for its distinct cleavage, which forms flat, shiny surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Mica

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Granite

Question 21

What type of sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation and compaction of plant and animal remains?

Accepted Answer

Coal

Answer

Conglomerate

Answer

Limestone

Answer

Shale

Question 22

Which process leads to the transformation of rocks from one type to another?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Deposition

Question 23

Which type of rock is formed from weathered rock fragments that are transported and deposited by wind or water?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 24

Which mineral is commonly used in the production of glass?

Accepted Answer

Quartz

Answer

Calcite

Answer

Pyrite

Question 25

Which factor does NOT influence the formation of minerals?

Accepted Answer

Sunlight

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

pH

Question 26

Which type of rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Limestone

Question 27

Which mineral is the hardest known substance on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Granite

Answer

Coal

Question 28

Which type of rock is formed when sediments are compacted and cemented together?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Limestone

Question 29

Which process involves the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Question 30

Which of the following is a type of sedimentary rock formed from the remains of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Limestone

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Marble

Answer

Slate

Question 31

Which mineral is known for its distinct cubic shape and is often used in jewelry?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Pyrite

Answer

Halite

Answer

Quartz

Question 32

Which mineral is a major component of salt and is used as a food preservative?

Accepted Answer

Halite

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Pyrite

Answer

Diamond

Question 33

Which of the following is a type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

Granite

Answer

Marble

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Limestone

Question 34

Which mineral is known for its extreme hardness and is often used in cutting tools and abrasives?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Graphite

Answer

Gold

Question 35

How are sedimentary rocks typically formed?

Accepted Answer

By the accumulation and compaction of sediments

Answer

By the cooling of molten rock

Answer

By the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure

Answer

By the precipitation of minerals from water

Question 36

Which of the following processes involves the formation of minerals from dissolved ions in a solution?

Accepted Answer

Crystallization

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Metamorphism

Question 37

Which type of rock is formed when existing rocks undergo intense heat and pressure within the Earth's crust?

Accepted Answer

Marble

Answer

Granite

Answer

Shale

Answer

Basalt

Question 38

Which of the following minerals is commonly used in jewelry making due to its brilliance and durability?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Feldspar

Answer

Mica

Question 39

What term describes the parallel layers or bands found in some types of metamorphic rocks?

Accepted Answer

Foliation

Answer

Cleavage

Answer

Stratification

Answer

Banding

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of a chemical sedimentary rock formed by the precipitation of minerals from water?

Accepted Answer

Limestone

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Shale

Answer

Coal

Question 41

Which mineral is essential in glassmaking?

Accepted Answer

Silica

Answer

Calcite

Answer

Feldspar

Question 42

Which mineral forms under high temperature and pressure during metamorphism, giving the rock a layered texture?

Accepted Answer

Mica

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Calcite

Question 43

Which of the following is **not** a property of minerals?

Accepted Answer

Solubility in water

Answer

Hardness

Answer

Crystal structure

Answer

Cleavage

Question 44

Which type of rock is formed from cooled and solidified **magma**?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Volcanic

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 45

What is the process called when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces **by natural forces**?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Compaction (pressing of sediments)

Answer

Deposition (settling of weathered materials)

Answer

Erosion (transport of weathered materials)

Question 46

Which mineral is known for its exceptional hardness and is often used in **jewelry**?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Feldspar (common mineral in rocks)

Answer

Quartz (hard but not as hard as diamond)

Answer

Calcite (relatively soft)

Question 47

What is the name of the molten rock that exists **beneath the Earth's surface**?

Accepted Answer

Magma

Answer

Granite (igneous rock)

Answer

Basalt (type of igneous rock)

Answer

Lava (magma that reaches the surface)

Question 48

Which of the following is a **sedimentary** rock?

Accepted Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Granite (igneous rock)

Answer

Slate (metamorphic rock)

Answer

Marble (metamorphic rock)

Question 49

What process involves the transformation of existing rocks into new rocks with **altered properties** due to heat, pressure, or chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Deposition (settling of sediments)

Answer

Erosion (transport of weathered materials)

Answer

Weathering (breakdown of rocks)

Question 50

Which of these is a characteristic of **metamorphic** rocks?

Accepted Answer

Foliation (layers or bands)

Answer

Vesicles (cavities in igneous rocks)

Answer

Crystals (can be found in igneous and metamorphic rocks)

Answer

Rounded grains (characteristic of sedimentary rocks)

Question 51

Which of these minerals is commonly used as a **building material**?

Accepted Answer

Calcite (e.g., limestone)

Answer

Feldspar (part of many rocks but not typically used alone in construction)

Answer

Diamond (too valuable and hard to be practical in construction)

Answer

Quartz (can be used in some building applications but not as common as calcite)