Infection and Response: Master the Body's Defense Mechanisms

Question 1

What is the process by which the immune system remembers a pathogen and mounts a faster and stronger response to it called?

Accepted Answer

Immunological memory

Answer

Immunization

Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Antibody production

Question 2

Which of the following is a major risk factor for contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

Accepted Answer

Unprotected sexual intercourse

Answer

Sharing needles

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Answer

Blood transfusions

Question 3

What is the term for a medical condition in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disease

Answer

Allergy

Answer

Immunodeficiency

Answer

Sepsis

Question 4

What is the primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To protect the body from infection

Answer

To digest food

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To transport nutrients

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?

Accepted Answer

Rabies

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Chickenpox

Answer

Malaria

Question 6

What is the difference between an endemic and a pandemic disease?

Accepted Answer

An endemic disease is limited to a specific region, while a pandemic disease affects multiple regions worldwide.

Answer

A pandemic disease is limited to a specific region, while an endemic disease affects multiple regions worldwide.

Answer

An endemic disease is caused by a virus, while a pandemic disease is caused by a bacteria.

Answer

There is no difference between an endemic and a pandemic disease.

Question 7

What is the importance of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Vaccines stimulate the immune system to develop antibodies against specific pathogens.

Answer

Vaccines provide complete immunity against all infectious diseases.

Answer

Vaccines are only effective for certain types of infectious diseases.

Answer

Vaccines are not necessary for preventing infectious diseases.

Question 8

What is the first line of defense against pathogens entering the body?

Accepted Answer

Skin and mucous membranes

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Antibodies

Answer

Inflammation

Question 9

Which part of the immune system adapts to recognize and target specific pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immune system

Answer

Innate immune system

Answer

Complement system

Answer

Interferon system

Question 10

What is the name of the protein produced by B cells that binds to and neutralizes pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Immunoglobulin

Answer

Complement

Answer

Interferon

Answer

Cytokine

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Itching

Answer

Redness

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Pain

Question 12

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

To drain fluid and pathogens from tissues

Answer

To filter blood

Answer

To transport nutrients

Answer

To produce red blood cells

Question 13

What is the main purpose of vaccination?

Accepted Answer

To prevent infection

Answer

To treat infection

Answer

To provide temporary immunity

Answer

To boost the immune system

Question 14

What is the recommended first-line treatment for a bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antivirals

Answer

Anti-fungals

Answer

Corticosteroids

Question 15

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

To fight infection

Answer

To carry oxygen

Answer

To regulate blood sugar

Answer

To produce hormones

Question 16

What is the term for the body's natural ability to defend itself against infection?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Acquired immunity

Answer

Humoral immunity

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 17

What is the ability of the body to recognise and respond to a previous infection called?

Accepted Answer

Immunity

Answer

Resistance

Answer

Tolerance

Answer

Sensitisation

Question 18

Which cell is not involved in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Platelet

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Macrophage

Question 19

Which of the following is a non-specific defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer

Antibody production

Question 20

What is the role of phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

Engulf and destroy pathogens

Answer

Produce antibodies

Answer

Activate other immune cells

Answer

Suppress an immune response

Question 21

Which characteristic distinguishes a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Causes disease

Answer

Visible to the naked eye

Answer

Always harmful to humans

Answer

Type of white blood cell

Question 22

What is the purpose of vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Provide immunity to a specific disease

Answer

Treat an existing infection

Answer

Boost the immune system in general

Answer

Prevent allergic reactions

Question 23

In the adaptive immune response, which white blood cell produces antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cell

Answer

Macrophage

Answer

T cell

Answer

Neutrophil

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Platelets

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Eosinophils

Question 25

Which of the following is a passive method of acquiring immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving antibodies from a donor

Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Exposure to an infection

Answer

Developing your own antibodies

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a key function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the growth and division of body cells

Answer

Defending against disease-causing agents (pathogens)

Answer

Maintaining a stable internal environment (homeostasis)

Answer

Recognizing and differentiating 'self' from 'non-self' cells

Question 27

Which type of immune cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 28

What is the term for the immediate, non-specific response to infection that occurs before the immune system adapts to a specific pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Acquired immunity

Answer

Humoral immunity

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 29

What is the primary role of phagocytes in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To engulf and destroy pathogens

Answer

To produce antibodies

Answer

To activate T lymphocytes

Answer

To regulate inflammation

Question 30

What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy?

Accepted Answer

To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria

Answer

To boost the immune system

Answer

To prevent the spread of infection

Answer

To reduce inflammation

Question 31

How does the immune system prevent itself from overreacting or underreacting to infections?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loops

Answer

Positive feedback loops

Answer

Hormonal regulation

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocyte

Answer

T cell

Answer

B cell

Answer

Neutrophil

Question 33

Which of the following is a characteristic of a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

It can multiply inside a host organism

Answer

It causes disease in all hosts

Answer

It is always a virus

Answer

It is always transmitted through direct contact

Question 34

What is the function of the lymphatic system in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

To filter out and destroy pathogens, and transport white blood cells

Answer

To produce white blood cells

Answer

To transport antibodies throughout the body

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of a non-specific defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer

Vaccination

Question 36

What is the role of vaccines in preventing infection?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies

Answer

They destroy pathogens directly

Answer

They provide immunity for life

Answer

They prevent the spread of pathogens from person to person

Question 37

Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Through inhalation of airborne droplets

Answer

Through contact with contaminated surfaces

Answer

Through ingestion of contaminated food

Answer

Through direct contact with an infected person

Question 38

Which cell type is NOT involved in the cellular component of the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Dendritic cells

Answer

Natural killer cells

Question 39

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

It is always beneficial to its host.

Answer

It can be transmitted between host organisms.

Answer

It has the ability to reproduce rapidly.

Answer

It can cause disease in a host organism.

Question 40

What is the primary line of defense in the body's immune system known as?

Accepted Answer

Physical barriers

Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Complement system activation

Answer

White blood cell activity

Question 41

Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens through a process called phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Eosinophil

Question 42

What is the primary role of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

To bind to and neutralize pathogens, making them easier for phagocytes to destroy.

Answer

To activate the complement system

Answer

To produce more white blood cells

Question 43

Which of the following is not a method of acquiring passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Receiving antibodies through an injection

Answer

Receiving antibodies through a blood transfusion

Answer

Receiving antibodies from a mother through breast milk

Question 44

What is the term for an exaggerated immune response that can lead to allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Hypersensitivity

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Immunodeficiency

Answer

Autoimmunity

Question 45

Which of the following diseases is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Strep throat

Answer

Pneumonia