Endocrine Disorders in Adult Nursing: Types, Risk Factors, and Management

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 2

What is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Constipation

Question 3

Which nursing intervention is crucial for a patient with Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

Administering glucocorticoids

Answer

Monitoring blood pressure

Answer

Encouraging fluid intake

Answer

Restricting sodium intake

Question 4

What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Excessive production of cortisol

Answer

Adrenal insufficiency

Answer

Deficiency of thyroid hormone

Answer

Excess growth hormone secretion

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 6

Which of the following is the most common type of endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Thyroid disorders

Answer

Pituitary disorders

Answer

Adrenal disorders

Question 7

Which assessment finding is suggestive of hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Polyuria

Question 8

Which classes of medications are used to treat hyperthyroidism? Describe their mechanisms of action and potential adverse effects.

Accepted Answer

Antithyroid drugs

Accepted Answer

Beta-blockers

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Answer

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Family history

Question 10

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 11

Which type of thyroid disorder is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 12

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Moon face

Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Weight loss

Question 13

What is the primary nursing intervention for a patient with Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoid replacement therapy

Answer

Thyroid hormone supplementation

Answer

Insulin administration

Answer

Anti-inflammatory medications

Question 14

Which type of endocrine disorder involves an excessive production of growth hormone in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Hypopituitarism

Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Gigantism

Question 15

Which type of endocrine disorder is characterized by the excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 16

What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Regulating calcium metabolism

Answer

Controlling blood sugar levels

Answer

Stimulating thyroid hormone production

Answer

Promoting bone growth

Question 17

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing Type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Family history

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Obesity

Question 18

Which pituitary hormone primarily regulates thyroid function?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer

Parathyroid hyperplasia

Answer

Cushing's disease

Answer

Growth hormone deficiency

Question 20

Which of the following is a classic sign of hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Cold intolerance

Answer

Palpitations

Answer

Heat intolerance

Answer

Increased sweating

Question 21

What is the primary function of the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of calcium metabolism

Answer

Production of thyroid hormones

Answer

Synthesis of adrenal hormones

Answer

Control of blood glucose levels

Question 22

Which nursing intervention is essential in managing patients with diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring fluid intake and output

Answer

Performing regular blood glucose checks

Answer

Providing education on diet and exercise

Answer

Administering insulin injections

Question 23

Obesity is a major risk factor for which type of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

LADA

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Question 24

What is the main function of the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline and aldosterone

Answer

Filtration of blood

Answer

Regulation of the immune system

Answer

Release of neurotransmitters

Question 25

Which type of diabetes is characterized by a complete inability to produce insulin?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

LADA

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Question 26

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis)

Answer

Radiation exposure

Answer

Thyroid surgery

Answer

Iodine deficiency

Question 27

What is the hallmark physical manifestation of Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain and central obesity (buffalo hump, moon face)

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Polyuria and polydipsia

Question 28

Which of the following is a potential severe complication of uncontrolled diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer

Cataracts

Answer

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 29

What is the pathophysiological mechanism underlying Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone

Answer

Deficiency of thyroid hormones

Answer

Excessive production of thyroid hormones

Answer

Excessive production of cortisol

Question 30

What is the leading cause of primary hypothyroidism worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune thyroiditis

Answer

Thyroid surgery

Answer

Iodine deficiency

Answer

Radiation therapy

Question 31

What is the hormone responsible for regulating blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a type of pituitary tumor?

Accepted Answer

Hemangioma

Answer

Prolactinoma

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's disease

Question 33

What imaging technique is commonly used to assess bone density?

Accepted Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 34

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Autoimmune disorders

Answer

Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 35

What is the primary function of the parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Regulates calcium levels in the body

Answer

Promotes bone growth

Answer

Controls blood pressure

Answer

Stimulates thyroid hormone production

Question 36

Which type of endocrine disorder involves an underproduction of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 37

What is the primary goal of nursing care for patients with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining stable blood glucose levels

Answer

Managing pain

Answer

Preventing infections

Answer

Providing emotional support

Question 38

What is a characteristic clinical sign of Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Moon face

Answer

Dry skin

Answer

Hair loss

Answer

Muscle weakness

Question 39

Which endocrine gland is responsible for regulating growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 40

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Glucagon

Question 41

Among thyroid disorders, which condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, leading to slowed metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Goiter

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Graves' disease

Question 42

For a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism, which nursing intervention is considered the primary approach to manage the condition?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Answer

Stress reduction techniques

Answer

Weight loss management

Answer

Dietary modifications

Question 43

In cases of hyperparathyroidism, which cause is most commonly identified?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid adenoma

Answer

Parathyroid cancer

Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer

Autoimmune disease

Question 44

When assessing a patient for diabetes, which of the following findings would indicate a potential underlying issue?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria (excessive urination)

Answer

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

Answer

Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Heat intolerance

Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Anxiety

Question 46

The primary hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels is:

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Glucagon

Question 47

Which of the following conditions is characterized by excessive growth hormone production, leading to an enlargement of hands, feet, and facial features?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 48

What is the most prevalent type of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Answer

Monogenic diabetes

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Question 49

A hallmark symptom of Addison's disease is:

Accepted Answer

Extreme fatigue

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Eye bulging

Answer

Increased thirst

Question 50

Which of the following nursing interventions is crucial for a patient with Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Monitor fluid balance

Answer

Rest as much as possible

Answer

Administer insulin

Answer

Encourage weight gain

Question 51

The term 'goiter' describes an enlargement of which gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 52

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating milk production in breastfeeding mothers?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen