Neurological System Anatomy and Physiology Quizzes | Physiotherapy

Question 1

Which part of the brain is the largest and controls advanced mental abilities like thinking, remembering, and speaking?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Spinal cord

Question 2

In the nervous system, which cell type is responsible for transmitting signals?

Accepted Answer

Neurons

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Schwann cells

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of voluntary movement

Answer

Maintenance of balance

Answer

Regulation of posture

Answer

Coordination of movement

Question 4

The spinal cord is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Conducting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body

Answer

Processing and interpreting sensory information

Answer

Coordinating voluntary movement

Answer

Maintaining consciousness

Question 5

A neuron that transmits signals away from the central nervous system to muscles or glands is called a:

Accepted Answer

Efferent neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Unipolar neuron

Answer

Afferent neuron

Question 6

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions such as digestion and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Question 7

The neurotransmitter best known for producing a 'fight or flight' response in the body is:

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Question 8

The blood-brain barrier's primary function is to:

Accepted Answer

Protect the brain from potentially harmful substances in the blood

Answer

Regulate blood flow to the brain

Answer

Produce cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

Allow all substances in the blood to pass into the brain

Question 9

Which of the following is a common symptom of a stroke?

Accepted Answer

Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Answer

Blurred vision

Answer

Difficulty breathing

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Question 10

Parkinson's disease is characterized by a deficiency of which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 11

Which of the following imaging techniques is commonly used to diagnose brain disorders?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 12

Who is considered the father of modern neurology?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Martin Charcot

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Ivan Pavlov

Question 13

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Brain

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 14

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 15

Which type of neuron transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Efferent neuron

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is known to inhibit neuronal activity in the central nervous system and is associated with sleep and relaxation?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Which of the following is a common symptom of a traumatic brain injury?

Accepted Answer

Concussion

Answer

Nerve damage

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Spinal cord injury

Question 18

Which part of the nervous system controls the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 19

Which of the following diseases is caused by a defect in the gene that encodes for the protein huntingtin?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 20

Which of the following diagnostic tools measures electrical activity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 21

Which neurotransmitter serves as the primary mediator of motor control?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 22

Identify the fundamental unit of the brain responsible for information processing and communication.

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Neuroglia

Answer

Glial cell

Question 23

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the voluntary movement of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Answer

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Answer

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Answer

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Question 24

Identify the innermost protective membrane that directly surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Ependymal layer

Answer

Dura mater

Question 25

Which spinal cord pathway is responsible for transmitting conscious information about body movement to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway

Answer

Corticospinal tract

Answer

Spinothalamic tract

Question 26

What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulate involuntary functions, including heart rate and digestion

Answer

Receive sensory information from the body

Answer

Transmit motor commands to skeletal muscles

Question 27

What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Protect the brain from potentially harmful substances in the blood

Answer

Remove waste products from the brain

Answer

Allow nutrients to enter the brain

Question 28

Which brain region is primarily responsible for coordination and balance?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 29

Which of the following regions of the cerebral cortex processes auditory information?

Accepted Answer

Auditory cortex

Answer

Visual cortex

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Somatosensory cortex

Question 30

In which lobe of the brain is the primary motor area located?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 31

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 32

Which characteristic distinguishes autonomic nerves from somatic nerves?

Accepted Answer

Involuntary control

Answer

Large diameter fibers

Answer

Myelinated fibers

Answer

Somatic function

Question 33

Which of the following structures is part of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

All nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord

Answer

Only motor nerves

Answer

Only sensory nerves

Question 34

Which function is associated with the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination and balance

Answer

Thought and memory

Answer

Respiration and circulation

Answer

Vision and hearing

Question 35

What is the approximate value of the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

-70 mV

Answer

-100 mV

Answer

-90 mV

Answer

-50 mV

Question 36

Which of the following is **not** a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Answer

Processing sensory information

Answer

Coordinating movement

Answer

Maintaining balance

Question 37

What is the main function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Answer

Protects the axon from damage

Answer

Stores neurotransmitters

Answer

Generates nerve impulses

Question 38

Which neurotransmitter participates primarily in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 39

Which part of the brain is responsible for facilitating communication between its two hemispheres?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Answer

Processes sensory information

Answer

Controls breathing and heart rate

Question 40

Which area of the brain is associated with the production of speech?

Accepted Answer

Broca's area

Answer

Wernicke's area

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 41

Which nervous system division regulates involuntary bodily functions like respiration and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 42

Which neuroimaging technique utilizes magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computerized tomography (CT)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 43

What is the primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Protects the brain from potentially harmful substances in the blood

Answer

Regulates blood flow to the brain

Answer

Produces cerebrospinal fluid

Question 44

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily responsible for inhibiting neuronal activity in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Question 45

The portion of the brain accountable for higher-order cognitive functions, such as conscious thought and self-awareness, is the:

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Question 46

Which neuron type transmits signals from the central nervous system to peripheral effectors, such as muscles and glands?

Accepted Answer

Efferent neuron

Answer

Afferent neuron

Answer

Sympathetic neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Question 47

The protective, multi-layered membrane system that encloses the brain and spinal cord is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Conscious thought

Answer

Transmission of sensory information

Answer

Reflexive actions

Answer

Coordination of movement

Question 49

The component of the autonomic nervous system that activates the body's "fight or flight" response is the:

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 50

Which neurodegenerative condition is characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Stroke

Question 51

The type of muscle contraction that involves a change in muscle length and can be either concentric or eccentric is known as:

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contraction

Answer

Eccentric contraction

Answer

Isometric contraction

Question 52

Which protective reflex prevents foreign substances from entering the airways during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Gag reflex

Answer

Knee-jerk reflex

Answer

Patellar reflex

Answer

Pupillary reflex

Question 53

The region of the brain responsible for coordinating balance and motor coordination is the:

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Cerebral cortex