Deontology: Master Duty-Based Ethics in Ethics and Moral Philosophy

Question 1

According to act deontology, what determines the rightness or wrongness of an action?

Accepted Answer

Whether it conforms to universal moral rules

Answer

Whether it maximizes overall happiness

Answer

Whether it is in line with personal virtues

Answer

Whether it minimizes harm

Question 2

Which of the following is considered a virtue in deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

Honesty

Answer

Empathy

Answer

Wealth

Answer

Popularity

Question 3

Who developed the concept of the 'double effect' in deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

St. Thomas Aquinas

Answer

Immanuel Kant

Answer

John Stuart Mill

Answer

David Hume

Question 4

What is the significance of the phrase 'ought implies can' in the context of deontology?

Accepted Answer

It suggests that moral obligations should not exceed a person's capabilities.

Answer

It implies that morality is entirely subjective and dependent on individual beliefs.

Answer

It means that we must always do what we believe to be right, even if it is beyond our abilities.

Answer

It is irrelevant to deontological ethical theories.

Question 5

In deontological ethics, how does intention influence the assessment of an action's morality?

Accepted Answer

Intention is crucial, revealing the agent's commitment to moral principles and respect for others.

Answer

Intention is insignificant; only the outcome matters.

Answer

Intention alone determines rightness or wrongness.

Answer

Intention merely lessens the severity of consequences.

Question 6

Which philosopher is NOT primarily known for their work in deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

John Stuart Mill

Answer

Immanuel Kant

Answer

W.D. Ross

Question 7

Which of the following is the central tenet of deontology?

Accepted Answer

Actions are inherently right or wrong, irrespective of their consequences.

Answer

Actions are right or wrong based on their intended outcomes.

Answer

Actions are right or wrong based on the pleasure or pain they produce.

Question 8

According to Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, one should act only according to the maxim that:

Accepted Answer

You can simultaneously will that it becomes a universal law.

Answer

Is consistent with your moral intuitions.

Answer

Produces the most happiness for the greatest number of people.

Question 9

Which of the following is a limitation of deontological ethical theories?

Accepted Answer

They may lead to situations where adhering to rules results in unjust outcomes.

Answer

They are overly complex and difficult to apply.

Answer

They rely excessively on subjective moral intuitions.

Question 10

Which type of deontological theory focuses on the character and virtues of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Teleological ethics

Answer

Kantian ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 11

In deontology, 'prima facie duties' are described as:

Accepted Answer

Duties that are generally obligatory, but can be overridden in certain circumstances.

Answer

Duties that are always absolute and不可侵犯的.

Answer

Duties that are only binding if they benefit the individual.

Question 12

A key distinction between deontological and consequentialist theories is that:

Accepted Answer

Deontological theories prioritize the intrinsic rightness or wrongness of actions, while consequentialist theories prioritize their outcomes.

Answer

Deontological theories are based on reason, while consequentialist theories are based on emotion.

Answer

Deontological theories are always idealistic, while consequentialist theories are always practical.

Question 13

Compared to teleological approaches, how does deontology differ in its approach to ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Deontology emphasizes adherence to moral principles, whereas teleology focuses on achieving favorable outcomes.

Answer

Deontology is absolute, whereas teleology is flexible.

Answer

Deontology is based on reason, whereas teleology is based on emotion.

Question 14

One of the strengths of deontological theories is that they:

Accepted Answer

Provide clear and objective moral guidelines.

Answer

Are universally accepted across different cultures.

Answer

Are always applicable in real-world situations.

Answer

Resolve all ethical dilemmas.

Question 15

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of deontology?

Accepted Answer

Actions are right or wrong based solely on their inherent characteristics, irrespective of their consequences.

Answer

The greatest good for the greatest number should be the primary consideration in ethical decision-making.

Answer

The intentions behind an action justify its rightness or wrongness.

Question 16

Who is commonly acknowledged as the father of modern deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant

Answer

Aristotle

Answer

Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer

John Stuart Mill

Question 17

Which of the following would qualify as a non-moral deontological reason for performing an action?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding punishment or negative consequences

Answer

Contributing to the overall well-being of society

Answer

Fulfilling a moral obligation

Answer

Adhering to one's values and principles

Question 18

Which of the following ethical frameworks places significant emphasis on the cultivation of virtuous character?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Rule deontology

Answer

Contractualism

Question 19

How does deontology fundamentally differ from consequentialism in its approach to ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Deontology focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, while consequentialism emphasizes the outcomes and consequences of those actions.

Answer

Deontology prioritizes individual rights, whereas consequentialism prioritizes social welfare.

Question 20

Who among the following philosophers is renowned for their critique of deontological theories?

Accepted Answer

Bernard Williams

Answer

John Rawls

Answer

Robert Nozick

Answer

Thomas Nagel

Question 21

Provide an example of how deontological principles can be applied in professional practice.

Accepted Answer

Guiding ethical decision-making for healthcare professionals in their interactions with patients.

Answer

Influencing marketing strategies for businesses seeking to maximize profits.

Answer

Assessing the efficacy of educational interventions aimed at improving student outcomes.

Question 22

Who is widely regarded as the father of deontology?

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant

Answer

Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer

Aristotle

Answer

John Stuart Mill

Question 23

According to Kant's categorical imperative, an action is morally permissible if:

Accepted Answer

It can be universalized without contradiction

Answer

It conforms to society's norms

Answer

It is motivated by self-interest

Answer

It brings about the greatest good

Question 24

Which of the following is a defense of rule deontology?

Accepted Answer

It provides clear and consistent guidance

Answer

It is based on intuition

Answer

It takes into account the consequences of actions

Answer

It is more flexible than act deontology

Question 25

In contemporary ethics, how is deontology often used?

Accepted Answer

To provide a foundation for principles and duties in fields such as law, medicine, and business

Answer

As a primary ethical theory

Answer

To resolve all moral dilemmas