Theories of Justice: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Modern Western Philosophy

Question 1

In the theory of utilitarianism, which action is considered morally superior?

Accepted Answer

The action that brings the most happiness to the most people

Answer

The action that safeguards individual rights, regardless of the outcome

Answer

The action that promotes complete equality in wealth distribution

Answer

The action that minimizes harm to any individual

Question 2

Which theory of justice prioritizes the overall happiness and well-being of society?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Marxism

Answer

Socialism

Answer

Libertarianism

Question 3

According to libertarianism, which value is considered fundamental and should be protected by a just society?

Accepted Answer

Individual Liberty

Answer

Social Equality

Answer

Economic Prosperity

Answer

Collective Well-being

Question 4

A common criticism directed towards utilitarian theories of justice is that they:

Accepted Answer

May disregard individual rights and concerns for equity

Answer

Are overly complex and impractical to apply

Answer

Exclusive promote the interests of the majority

Question 5

Which theory of justice emphasizes the significance of acting in accordance with universal moral principles, even if it leads to unfavorable outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 6

In John Rawls' Theory of Justice, the principles of justice should be chosen under conditions of:

Accepted Answer

A veil of ignorance

Answer

Full knowledge of society

Answer

Political negotiation

Answer

Personal biases and preferences

Question 7

Which of the following is not a primary concern of distributive justice theories?

Accepted Answer

Punishment of criminal offenses

Answer

Ensuring access to healthcare

Answer

Fair allocation of resources

Answer

Distribution of educational opportunities

Question 8

The concept of 'natural rights' is most closely associated with which theory of justice?

Accepted Answer

Libertarianism

Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Socialism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 9

Which theory of justice suggests that individuals have a moral obligation to assist those who are less fortunate?

Accepted Answer

Egalitarianism

Answer

Communitarianism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Libertarianism

Question 10

Restorative theories of justice primarily focus on:

Accepted Answer

Repairing harm caused by crime and conflict

Answer

Protection of individual rights and freedoms

Answer

Fair and impartial legal procedures

Answer

Deterrence and punishment of wrongdoing

Question 11

Which of the following is the fundamental principle of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Maximizing overall happiness for the majority of people

Answer

Preserving individual rights to the greatest extent possible

Answer

Ensuring common ownership of property

Answer

Distributing resources based on people's needs

Question 12

Who developed the idea of the 'Veil of Ignorance' in relation to justice?

Accepted Answer

John Rawls

Answer

Jeremy Bentham

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Robert Nozick

Question 13

What is the central focus of libertarianism?

Accepted Answer

Protecting individual rights and minimizing government intervention

Answer

Promoting equal opportunities for all

Answer

Ensuring a minimum standard of living for all

Question 14

Which theory of justice emphasizes that individuals should be rewarded based on their abilities and contributions?

Accepted Answer

Aristotelianism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Libertarianism

Answer

Socialism

Question 15

What is the primary distinction between positive and negative rights?

Accepted Answer

Positive rights require action to fulfill, while negative rights require non-interference

Answer

Positive rights are individual, while negative rights are collective

Answer

Positive rights are absolute, while negative rights are conditional

Question 16

Which theory of justice emphasizes the idea of compensating individuals for disadvantages faced due to social circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Compensatory justice

Answer

Distributive justice

Answer

Retributive justice

Answer

Procedural justice

Question 17

What is the fundamental principle of John Rawls' theory of justice as fairness?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring fair and equal opportunities for all

Answer

Distributing resources based on need

Answer

Protecting natural rights

Answer

Maximizing overall happiness

Question 18

According to utilitarianism, the most ethical action is the one that produces the greatest possible what?

Accepted Answer

Happiness

Answer

Liberty

Answer

Equality

Answer

Wealth

Question 19

Which theory of justice emphasizes the right to self-ownership and minimal government involvement?

Accepted Answer

Libertarianism

Answer

Marxism

Answer

Socialism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 20

The theory of justice proposed by Karl Marx claims that the primary cause of injustice in society is what?

Accepted Answer

Class conflict

Answer

Unfair distribution of wealth

Answer

Government oppression

Answer

Lack of education

Question 21

John Rawls' theory of justice emphasizes the importance of what concept?

Accepted Answer

Original position

Answer

Historical materialism

Answer

Free market forces

Answer

Utilitarian calculus

Question 22

The term 'social justice' often refers to:

Accepted Answer

The just and fair distribution of wealth, opportunities, and benefits within a society.

Answer

The protection of individual rights and freedoms.

Answer

The punishment of criminals for their crimes.

Question 23

Which of the following is a possible advantage of affirmative action policies?

Accepted Answer

They can help to rectify historical and systemic injustices.

Answer

They eliminate the need for personal effort.

Answer

They guarantee equal outcomes for all individuals.

Question 24

The 'veil of ignorance' is a thought experiment used by John Rawls to:

Accepted Answer

Determine the principles of justice that would be chosen by rational agents who are unaware of their own personal attributes and circumstances.

Answer

Demonstrate the superiority of utilitarianism over other theories of justice.

Question 25

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a just society, according to Aristotle?

Accepted Answer

It promotes the well-being of all its citizens.

Answer

It strictly enforces its laws.

Answer

It has a formidable military force.

Answer

It has a high GDP per capita.