Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems: Enhance Your Sports Science Knowledge

Question 1

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Fighting infections

Answer

Producing red blood cells

Question 2

Which factor does NOT directly impact the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessel resistance

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Stroke volume

Question 3

What term describes the resistance encountered by blood flow within blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral resistance

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Pulmonary circulation

Answer

Capillary exchange

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient digestion

Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Voice production

Question 5

Which of the following is a measurement used to assess lung function?

Accepted Answer

Forced vital capacity

Answer

VO2 max

Answer

Heart rate variability

Answer

Diastolic blood pressure

Question 6

What is the function of the sinoatrial node?

Accepted Answer

Initiate electrical impulses for heartbeat

Answer

Regulate breathing

Answer

Pump blood throughout the body

Answer

Control blood pressure

Question 7

Which hormone triggers the body's "fight or flight" response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Question 8

What is the name of the blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatics

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular exercise for the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Answer

Enhanced heart function

Answer

Improved oxygen uptake

Question 10

What is the term for the alternating contraction and relaxation of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac cycle

Answer

Ventricular fibrillation

Answer

Arrhythmia

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Question 11

Which of the following plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure during exercise, by detecting changes in blood pressure and triggering appropriate responses?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptors

Answer

Proprioceptors

Answer

Chemoreceptors

Question 12

What is the primary responsibility of the respiratory system during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange (uptake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide)

Answer

Temperature regulation

Answer

Waste removal

Question 13

What term is used to describe the volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Tidal volume

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Ejection fraction

Question 14

Which muscle is primarily responsible for initiating inspiration (inhalation)?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Pectoralis major

Answer

Abdominal muscles

Answer

Intercostal muscles

Question 15

Which measure serves as an indicator of the efficiency of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

VO2 max

Answer

Anaerobic threshold

Answer

Wingate test

Answer

Lactate threshold

Question 16

What is the term for the process by which oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Respiration

Question 17

What is the volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled with each breath known as?

Accepted Answer

Tidal volume

Answer

Residual volume

Answer

Vital capacity

Answer

Minute ventilation

Question 18

What is the term used to describe the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac cycle

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Electrocardiogram

Question 19

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Arterioles

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary muscle responsible for respiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Abdominal muscles

Answer

Intercostal muscles

Answer

Pectoralis major

Question 21

What is the name of the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood and the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Filtration

Question 22

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Childbirth

Answer

Sweating

Answer

Blood clotting

Answer

Insulin release

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a factor that directly influences heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Body fat percentage

Answer

Age

Answer

Exercise intensity

Answer

Hydration status

Question 25

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node (SA node)?

Accepted Answer

To initiate and control the heartbeat

Answer

To transmit electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles

Answer

To pump blood from the heart to the body

Answer

To regulate blood pressure

Question 26

Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues?

Accepted Answer

Artery

Answer

Vein

Answer

Capillary

Answer

Arteriole

Question 27

What is the primary role of red blood cells in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide

Answer

To filter toxins from the blood

Answer

To carry nutrients to the muscles

Question 28

Which of the following is a measure of lung capacity and function?

Accepted Answer

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Heart rate

Question 29

What is the main function of alveoli in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

To filter dust particles

Answer

To produce mucus

Answer

To store air

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular aerobic exercise for the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of heart disease

Answer

Lowered resting heart rate

Answer

Improved blood pressure control

Answer

Enhanced endothelial function

Question 31

What is the term for the maximum amount of oxygen the body can consume per minute?

Accepted Answer

VO2 max

Answer

HRmax

Answer

Lactate threshold

Answer

Anaerobic capacity

Question 32

Which of the following is a common symptom of exercise-induced asthma?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Dizziness

Answer

Nausea

Question 33

What is the name of the primary muscle responsible for breathing?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Abdominals

Answer

Trapezius

Answer

Intercostals

Question 34

Trace the correct pathway for blood flow through the heart:

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Answer

Right ventricle → Right atrium → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Answer

Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Right atrium → Right ventricle

Question 35

Which blood component is essential for carrying oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Haemoglobin

Answer

Plasma

Answer

Platelets

Answer

White blood cells

Question 36

State the primary function of the respiratory system:

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange between the body and the environment

Answer

Production of sound

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 37

Which of the following can lead to an increased heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Physical exertion

Answer

Sleep

Answer

Meditation

Answer

Low temperatures

Question 38

Define the term 'blood pressure':

Accepted Answer

Force exerted by blood against blood vessel walls

Answer

Volume of blood pumped by the heart

Answer

Rate at which the heart beats

Answer

Amount of blood in the body

Question 39

Which measurement indicates the body's oxygen consumption?

Accepted Answer

VO2 max

Answer

Respiratory rate

Answer

Tidal volume

Answer

Vital capacity

Question 40

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Smoking

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Elevated cholesterol levels

Question 41

Explain the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure:

Accepted Answer

Systolic is the pressure during heart muscle contraction, while diastolic is the pressure during heart muscle relaxation

Answer

Systolic is the pressure in the arteries, while diastolic is the pressure in the veins

Question 42

Which of the following is a typical symptom of respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Muscle cramps

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Skin rash

Question 43

What is the typical resting oxygen uptake (VO2 max) range in mL/kg/min for a healthy adult male?

Accepted Answer

35-45

Answer

20-35

Answer

60-80

Answer

45-60

Question 44

Which hormone is responsible for increasing the heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 45

What anatomical structure divides the heart's left and right ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Septum

Answer

Pericardium

Answer

Atria

Question 46

Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Lymph vessels

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Question 47

What is the main function of the atrioventricular node (AV node)?

Accepted Answer

Delay and coordinate electrical impulses between atria and ventricles

Answer

Contract the ventricles

Answer

Pump blood back to the heart

Answer

Initiate electrical impulses

Question 48

The heart rate is primarily regulated by the:

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Musculoskeletal system

Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Endocrine system

Question 49

The respiratory system is responsible for exchanging:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer

Hormones and enzymes

Answer

Nutrients and waste products

Question 50

The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that aids in:

Accepted Answer

Inhalation

Answer

Exhalation

Answer

Heart contraction

Answer

Blood pressure regulation

Question 51

Which of the following is a measure of lung capacity?

Accepted Answer

Vital capacity

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Oxygen saturation

Answer

Heart rate

Question 52

Exercise training primarily improves:

Accepted Answer

Capillary density

Answer

Blood viscosity

Answer

Arterial stiffness

Answer

Cardiac volume

Question 53

Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Normal body weight

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Healthy diet

Question 54

The primary role of blood is to:

Accepted Answer

Transport oxygen and nutrients

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Answer

Provide immune defense

Answer

Filter waste products

Question 55

Which of the following is a type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Artery

Answer

Capillary

Answer

Lymph vessel

Answer

Vein