Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Neuropsychological Deficits

Question 1

Which of the following neuropsychological deficits is most strongly associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Impaired attention

Answer

Hyperactivity

Answer

Enhanced memory

Answer

Reduced problem-solving ability

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter is primarily implicated in the neurochemical basis of depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 3

Which type of psychotherapy is frequently employed in the treatment of depression?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Answer

Freudian Psychoanalysis

Answer

Humanistic Therapy

Answer

Existential Therapy

Question 4

Which of the following is a common neuropsychological deficit associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Impaired attention and concentration

Answer

Enhanced memory recall

Answer

Increased problem-solving abilities

Answer

Reduced creativity

Question 5

What is a key distinction between major depressive disorder and dysthymia?

Accepted Answer

Severity and duration of depressive symptoms

Answer

Presence or absence of anxiety symptoms

Answer

Type of medication used for treatment

Answer

Age of onset

Question 6

Which brain structure is involved in memory and is thought to be affected in depression?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 7

Which of the following is a cognitive bias associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Negative self-perceptions

Answer

Positive attributions

Answer

Optimistic explanatory style

Answer

High self-esteem

Question 8

What neurotransmitter is implicated in the regulation of mood and is often targeted by antidepressant medications?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Glutamate

Question 9

Which cognitive deficit is frequently associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Impaired attention and concentration

Answer

Enhanced memory recall

Answer

Increased problem-solving ability

Answer

Reduced processing speed

Question 10

What is the primary aim of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of depression?

Accepted Answer

To modify negative thought patterns and behaviors

Answer

To improve self-esteem and social skills

Answer

To reduce the need for medication

Answer

To provide emotional support and validation

Question 11

What term describes a persistent, low-grade form of depression that can occur following a major depressive episode?

Accepted Answer

Dysthymia

Answer

Adjustment disorder

Answer

Bipolar disorder

Answer

Seasonal affective disorder

Question 12

Which medication class is commonly used as an antidepressant?

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer

Lithium

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Stimulants

Question 13

What is the key distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar depression involves only depressive episodes, whereas bipolar depression involves both depressive and manic episodes.

Answer

Unipolar depression is more prevalent than bipolar depression.

Answer

Bipolar depression is typically more severe than unipolar depression.

Answer

There is no significant difference between unipolar and bipolar depression.

Question 14

How does emotional dysregulation in depression primarily impact an individual's ability to maintain interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

It makes interactions unpredictable due to fluctuating moods.

Answer

It strengthens connections through increased emotional expression.

Answer

It limits social interactions due to reduced emotional responses.

Question 15

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Persistent low mood

Answer

Hallucinations

Answer

Heightened feelings of euphoria

Answer

Increased energy levels

Question 16

Which cognitive deficit is frequently observed in individuals with depression?

Accepted Answer

Impaired memory and concentration

Answer

Improved decision-making

Answer

Increased attention span

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Question 17

Which type of therapy aims to modify negative thought patterns and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Answer

Person-centered therapy

Answer

Art therapy

Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Question 18

Which of the following is a known risk factor for depression?

Accepted Answer

Family history of depression

Answer

Strong social support network

Answer

Regular engagement in physical exercise

Answer

Exceptional financial wealth

Question 19

What is a key distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar depression involves only episodes of low mood, while bipolar depression involves alternating periods of depression and mania or hypomania

Answer

Unipolar depression is more prevalent than bipolar depression

Answer

The symptoms of unipolar depression are more severe than those of bipolar depression

Question 20

What is the potential role of neurogenesis in depression?

Accepted Answer

Impaired neurogenesis in certain brain regions may contribute to the onset and persistence of depression

Answer

Increased neurogenesis is a protective factor against depression

Answer

Neurogenesis is only affected by severe forms of depression

Question 21

Which of the following is a common condition that frequently co-occurs with depression?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety disorders

Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer

Bipolar disorder

Answer

Schizophrenia

Question 22

What is the primary objective of medication in the treatment of depression?

Accepted Answer

To alleviate symptoms and improve overall functioning

Answer

To prevent future episodes of depression

Answer

To completely cure depression

Question 23

Which of the following is a common symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness

Answer

Increased energy

Answer

Excessive joy

Answer

Elevated mood

Question 24

Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Question 25

Which of the following cognitive impairments is typically observed in depression?

Accepted Answer

Impaired concentration

Answer

Improved problem-solving abilities

Answer

Enhanced memory

Question 26

Which type of therapy is considered the first-line treatment for mild to moderate depression?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Answer

Humanistic therapy

Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Question 27

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing depression?

Accepted Answer

Family history of depression

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Positive life events

Question 28

What is the term for the persistent feeling of low self-worth and excessive guilt experienced by individuals with depression?

Accepted Answer

Low self-esteem

Answer

Mania

Answer

Anxiety

Answer

Irritability

Question 29

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of psychotic depression?

Accepted Answer

Delusions

Answer

Increased self-esteem

Answer

Racing thoughts

Answer

Difficulty concentrating

Question 30

Which of the following is a protective factor that can help reduce the risk of developing depression?

Accepted Answer

Strong social support

Answer

Negative life events

Answer

Chronic stress

Answer

Lack of sleep

Question 31

Which of the following is a prominent symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness or low mood

Answer

Improved concentration and enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Euphoric feelings and unrealistic optimism

Answer

Increased energy levels and reduced need for sleep

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with mood regulation and is often found to be deficient in depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 33

What is a common contributing factor to the development of depression?

Accepted Answer

Experiencing stressful life events

Answer

Maintaining a healthy diet

Answer

Engaging in regular physical exercise

Answer

Getting sufficient sleep

Question 34

Which of the following is the primary treatment approach for depression?

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapy and/or medication

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy

Answer

Hospitalization

Question 35

Which cognitive deficit is frequently associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with attention and focus

Answer

Enhanced memory recall

Answer

Increased creative thinking

Answer

Improved problem-solving abilities

Question 36

Which mental health condition commonly co-occurs with depression?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety disorders

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Cancer

Question 37

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing depression?

Accepted Answer

Having a family history of depression

Answer

Excellent physical health

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Question 38

What is the primary difference between unipolar and bipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar depression involves only depressive episodes, while bipolar depression involves both depressive and manic episodes.

Answer

Unipolar depression is more severe than bipolar depression.

Question 39

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of mania?

Accepted Answer

Extreme elation or irritability

Answer

Persistent fatigue and diminished activity levels

Answer

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

Answer

Loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities

Question 40

Which neurotransmitter is believed to play a significant role in the development of depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 41

Which cognitive deficit is a common manifestation of depression?

Accepted Answer

Impaired executive functioning

Answer

Enhanced working memory

Answer

Heightened creativity

Answer

Accelerated information processing

Question 42

Which therapeutic approach is commonly employed as a first-line treatment for mild to moderate depression?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Answer

Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer

Person-Centered Therapy

Answer

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Question 43

Which factor represents a significant risk factor for developing depression?

Accepted Answer

Family history

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Answer

Positive life events

Answer

Regular exercise

Question 44

Which class of medication is typically prescribed as an initial treatment for moderate to severe depression?

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Answer

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Question 45

What is the term for the persistent, low-grade feeling of unhappiness that may precede the development of depression?

Accepted Answer

Dysthymia

Answer

Mania

Answer

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Answer

Hypomania

Question 46

Which factor can play a protective role against the development of depression?

Accepted Answer

Strong social support network

Answer

Low self-esteem

Answer

Chronic stress

Answer

History of trauma

Question 47

Which of the following is **NOT** a common symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Elevated mood and increased energy

Answer

Persistent sadness and emptiness

Answer

Changes in appetite and sleep

Answer

Diminished interest in previously enjoyable activities

Question 48

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in the development of depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 49

Which of the following **is** a cognitive deficit associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Impaired attention and concentration

Answer

Elevated speed of information processing

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving skills

Answer

Improved memory consolidation

Question 50

Which type of therapy is frequently employed in the treatment of depression?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Answer

Gestalt Therapy

Answer

Client-centered Therapy

Answer

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Question 51

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing depression?

Accepted Answer

Family history of depression

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Answer

Excellent physical health

Answer

Exceptional academic achievement

Question 52

Which brain region is believed to play a crucial role in regulating mood?

Accepted Answer

Limbic system

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebellar vermis

Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 53

Which of the following is a key aspect of preventing depression?

Accepted Answer

Implementing healthy lifestyle changes, such as exercise and a balanced diet

Answer

Reliance on pharmaceutical interventions alone

Answer

Undergoing genetic testing