Parkinson's Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Neuropsychological Deficits

Question 1

Which of the following is a cardinal motor symptom of Parkinson's Disease characterized by slowness of movement?

Accepted Answer

Bradykinesia

Answer

Aphasia

Answer

Visual agnosia

Answer

Hyperreflexia

Question 2

What is the approximate prevalence of Parkinson's Disease worldwide?

Accepted Answer

1% of the population over the age of 60

Answer

10% of the population over the age of 80

Answer

5% of the population over the age of 40

Answer

Less than 0.5% of the population over the age of 50

Question 3

Which surgical procedure is commonly used to treat advanced Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Deep Brain Stimulation

Answer

Lobectomy

Answer

Vagotomy

Answer

Thalamotomy

Question 4

Which genetic mutation has been linked to an increased risk of developing Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

LRRK2

Answer

CFTR

Answer

BRCA1

Answer

HTT

Question 5

What is the primary neurochemical deficit that underlies the motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine deficiency

Answer

Glutamate imbalance

Answer

Acetylcholine excess

Answer

Serotonin depletion

Question 6

What is the most prevalent form of Parkinson's Disease, accounting for the vast majority of cases?

Accepted Answer

Idiopathic

Answer

Genetic

Answer

Familial

Answer

Environmental

Question 7

Whichsurgical technique involves the implantation of electrodes into the brain to stimulate specific brain areas and alleviate motor symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Deep brain stimulation

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy

Answer

Vagus nerve stimulation

Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily depleted in the brains of individuals with Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 9

Which brain structure, responsible for producing dopamine, is significantly affected in Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Substantia nigra

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 10

What is the primary pharmacological treatment used to manage motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Levodopa

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Lithium

Question 11

What is the name of the surgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes into the brain to regulate electrical activity and reduce motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Deep brain stimulation

Answer

Pallidotomy

Answer

Vagus nerve stimulation

Answer

Thalamotomy

Question 12

Which of the following cognitive impairments is commonly associated with Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Executive dysfunction

Answer

Agnosia

Answer

Aphasia

Answer

Apraxia

Question 13

What is a potential side effect of long-term levodopa treatment in Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Dyskinesias

Answer

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer

Myoclonus

Answer

Dystonia

Question 14

Which genetic mutation is linked to an increased risk of developing early-onset Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

LRRK2

Answer

APP

Answer

MAPT

Answer

PSEN1

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal motor symptom of Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Tremor

Answer

Bradykinesia

Answer

Resting tremor

Answer

Rigidity

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter plays a crucial role in regulating movement and is deficient in Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Serotonin

Question 17

Which brain structure, primarily responsible for dopamine production, is significantly affected in Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Substantia nigra

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Amygdala

Question 18

Which of the following medications is commonly used to manage the motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Levodopa

Answer

Lithium

Answer

Risperidone

Answer

Valproic acid

Question 19

Which of the following cognitive impairments is frequently associated with Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Executive dysfunction

Answer

Agnosia

Answer

Apraxia

Answer

Aphasia

Question 20

What is the estimated prevalence of Parkinson's Disease worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 1% of the population over 60 years of age

Answer

Around 20% of the population over 80 years of age

Answer

Roughly 10% of the population over 70 years of age

Answer

About 5% of the population over 50 years of age

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a primary motor symptom of Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkinesia

Answer

Bradykinesia

Answer

Tremor

Answer

Rigidity

Question 22

What is the primary neurotransmitter affected in Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 23

The substantia nigra, a brain region crucial for movement control, is significantly affected in Parkinson's. What type of neuron within this region is primarily lost?

Accepted Answer

Dopaminergic neurons

Answer

GABAergic neurons

Answer

Cholinergic neurons

Answer

Glutamatergic neurons

Question 24

A Parkinson's Disease patient struggles with initiating and carrying out movements. This symptom is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Bradykinesia

Answer

Tremor

Answer

Akinesia

Answer

Rigidity

Question 25

Which of the following is a common cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Executive dysfunction

Answer

Enhanced spatial reasoning

Answer

Improved memory function

Answer

Increased attention span

Question 26

Levodopa, a common treatment for Parkinson's Disease, primarily works by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing dopamine levels in the brain

Answer

Inhibiting GABA release

Answer

Blocking acetylcholine receptors

Answer

Stimulating serotonin production

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

High dietary intake of antioxidants

Answer

Family history of Parkinson's

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Exposure to pesticides

Question 28

A patient with Parkinson's Disease is experiencing hallucinations and delusions. This symptom is most likely related to:

Accepted Answer

Lewy body dementia

Answer

Depression

Answer

Sleep disturbances

Answer

Anxiety

Question 29

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical assessment and observation of symptoms.

Answer

Diagnosis is primarily based on genetic testing.

Answer

Diagnosis relies solely on brain imaging techniques.

Question 30

Which of the following rehabilitation strategies is commonly used to improve motor function in individuals with Parkinson's Disease?

Accepted Answer

Physical therapy

Answer

Music therapy

Answer

Art therapy

Answer

Psychotherapy