Ethical Theories: Explore Different Perspectives on Right and Wrong

Question 1

In deontology, what is the main principle that determines the morality of an action?

Accepted Answer

Its adherence to a universal moral law

Answer

Its consequences

Answer

The character of the person performing it

Answer

Its ability to maximize happiness

Question 2

What is the central principle of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Actions are right if they bring the most happiness to the most people.

Answer

Actions are right if they align with God's will.

Answer

Actions are right if they are in line with human nature.

Answer

Actions are right if they uphold individual rights.

Question 3

Which ethical theory emphasizes maximizing overall happiness or well-being?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Ethical egoism

Answer

Kantianism

Question 4

Which ethical theory focuses on following rules or duties that are considered right or wrong in themselves, regardless of the consequences?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Situation ethics

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 5

Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of developing a virtuous character, where virtues are traits that lead to good actions and dispositions?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Absolutism

Question 6

Which of the following is a criticism of deontology?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to inflexible and overly rigid judgments.

Answer

It is based on logical reasoning.

Answer

It promotes individual autonomy.

Answer

It takes into account the intentions of the actor.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a virtue within virtue ethics?

Accepted Answer

Honesty

Answer

Lying

Answer

Cheating

Answer

Stealing

Question 8

Which ethical theory would most likely support the view that breaking a promise is always wrong?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Situation ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 9

Which ethical theory would most likely support the view that it is acceptable to sacrifice the life of one person to save the lives of many?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Existentialism

Question 10

Which ethical theory would most likely support the view that it is always wrong to take the life of an innocent human being?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Existentialism

Question 11

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing the overall happiness and well-being of the majority?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 12

Which ethical theory emphasizes adhering to moral principles and duties?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Relativism

Question 13

Which ethical theory focuses on developing and cultivating virtuous character traits?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Situation ethics

Answer

Deontology

Question 14

Which principle underpins utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

The morally correct action is the one that generates the greatest overall good for the greatest number of people.

Answer

Morality stems from adhering to societal norms.

Question 15

Which principle is central to deontology?

Accepted Answer

Moral rules and obligations should be followed regardless of the consequences.

Answer

The best action is the one that brings about the most happiness for the greatest number of people.

Answer

Ethical behavior is determined by the development of virtuous character traits.

Question 16

According to virtue ethics, which action is considered ethically sound?

Accepted Answer

An action that aligns with established virtues and moral principles.

Answer

An action that conforms to societal expectations.

Answer

An action that produces the most positive outcomes for the majority.

Question 17

Which ethical theory would maintain that lying is inherently wrong, even if it prevents harm to others?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Existentialism

Question 18

Which of the following accurately describes the core principle of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

The morally correct course of action is the one that maximizes happiness or well-being for the greatest number of individuals.

Answer

Ethical choices align with pre-established universal human rights principles.

Answer

Actions are deemed morally virtuous if they align with religious teachings.

Question 19

Which of the following qualities best exemplifies the concept of a virtue?

Accepted Answer

Courage

Answer

Happiness

Answer

Intelligence

Answer

Wealth

Question 20

Which foundational principle is central to Kantian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Categorical imperative

Answer

Greatest happiness

Answer

Natural law

Answer

Golden mean

Question 21

How can ethical theories contribute positively to decision-making processes?

Accepted Answer

They enable individuals to approach ethical dilemmas with greater consistency and coherence.

Answer

They guarantee infallible decision-making in every situation.

Answer

They completely eliminate the influence of personal biases.

Question 22

What is a potential limitation of relying on ethical theories for decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Ethical theories may not provide clear and definitive guidance in every ethical scenario.

Answer

They inevitably lead to ethical relativism.

Answer

They are excessively time-consuming to apply.

Question 23

Which characteristic is essential for a robust and meaningful ethical theory?

Accepted Answer

Clarity and conciseness

Answer

Universal acceptance by all individuals

Answer

Providing definitive answers to all ethical dilemmas

Answer

Grounding in religious principles