Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Exercise: Learn and Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

When blood glucose levels rise, which hormone is released by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 2

During extended exercise, the primary fuel source is:

Accepted Answer

Fat

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Ketone Bodies

Question 3

Which statement about the Cori cycle is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Lactate is converted to glucose in the liver

Answer

It is the primary source of glucose for skeletal muscle during prolonged exercise

Answer

It solely occurs during high-intensity exercise

Question 4

What is the main function of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I)?

Accepted Answer

Transporting fatty acids into mitochondria

Answer

Converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

Answer

Regulating fatty acid synthesis

Answer

Oxidizing fatty acids in mitochondria

Question 5

Which of the following is a notable metabolic adaptation in response to exercise training?

Accepted Answer

Increased mitochondrial density

Answer

Impaired oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Reduced blood flow to skeletal muscle

Answer

Decreased glycogen storage capacity

Question 6

The sympathetic nervous system mainly regulates energy metabolism through:

Accepted Answer

Activation of the fight-or-flight response

Answer

Suppression of thyroid hormone production

Answer

Inhibition of growth hormone release

Answer

Stimulation of insulin secretion

Question 7

Which hormone acts in both regulating blood glucose levels and energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Glucagon

Question 8

What is the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Detecting and responding to cellular energy status

Answer

Activating insulin secretion

Answer

Stimulating protein synthesis

Answer

Inhibiting gluconeogenesis

Question 9

Which processes are stimulated by the hormone glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Lipogenesis

Question 10

During prolonged exercise, which hormone plays the key role in triggering the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Testosterone

Question 11

During exercise, which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis)?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 12

When blood glucose levels fall during exercise, which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis)?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Question 13

Which hormone primarily inhibits the breakdown of fat (lipolysis) during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 14

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT involved in the stimulation of glycogenolysis by epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

Increased insulin secretion

Answer

Activation of glycogen phosphorylase

Answer

Inhibition of glycogen synthase

Answer

Increased cAMP levels

Question 15

During prolonged exercise, which substrate is primarily used for oxidative phosphorylation, the process that generates ATP in the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Lactate

Answer

Glucose

Question 16

Which of the following is a potential consequence of increased lactate production during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle fatigue

Answer

Reduced oxygen consumption

Answer

Increased muscle power

Answer

Enhanced protein synthesis

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, resulting in the release of glucose into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatotropin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Question 18

During prolonged exercise, which energy substrate becomes the primary fuel source for skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Free fatty acids

Answer

Ketone bodies

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Glucose

Question 19

Which enzyme plays a crucial role in converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, initiating the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer

Succinate dehydrogenase

Answer

Cytochrome oxidase

Answer

Citrate synthase

Question 20

What is the primary function of carnitine in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation

Answer

Converts glucose to glycogen

Answer

Breaks down proteins

Question 21

Describe the significance of the Krebs cycle in energy metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Generates ATP, reducing equivalents (NADH/FADH2), and precursors for biosynthetic pathways

Answer

Breaks down glucose molecules

Answer

Synthesizes fatty acids

Question 22

Explain the primary mechanism by which insulin enhances glucose uptake by cells.

Accepted Answer

Translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane

Answer

Inhibition of glycogen synthase

Answer

Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 23

What is the purpose of the Cori cycle?

Accepted Answer

To transport lactate from muscles back to the liver, where it is converted into glucose and released back into the bloodstream

Answer

To transport excess glucose from the blood to muscle cells

Answer

To break down glycogen into glucose in the liver