Mountains and Glaciers of Antarctica: Explore the Frozen Wonders

Question 1

What is the highest mountain peak in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Vinson Massif

Answer

Mount Everest (located in Asia)

Answer

Mount Sidley

Answer

Mount Tyree

Question 2

Which geological process is primarily responsible for the formation of Antarctic mountains?

Accepted Answer

Plate tectonics (movement of Earth's crustal plates)

Answer

Volcanic activity (eruptions of molten rock)

Answer

Glacial erosion (carving by glaciers)

Answer

Wind erosion (abrasion by wind-blown particles)

Question 3

Which of these animals is not native to Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Polar bears (large carnivores found in the Arctic)

Answer

Penguins (flightless birds adapted to cold climates)

Answer

Seals (marine mammals that inhabit coastal areas)

Answer

Whales (giant marine mammals that migrate to Antarctic waters)

Question 4

What is the primary reason for the formation of icebergs in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Calving of glaciers (breaking off of large chunks of ice)

Answer

Melting of glaciers (due to rising temperatures)

Answer

Erosion by waves (wearing away of ice cliffs)

Answer

Wind erosion (abrasion by strong winds)

Question 5

What is the name of the mountain range that forms the backbone of the Antarctic continent?

Accepted Answer

Transantarctic Mountains (a vast chain that divides East and West Antarctica)

Answer

Andes Mountains (located in South America)

Answer

Rocky Mountains (located in North America)

Answer

Himalayas (located in Asia)

Question 6

Which of these is a characteristic of Antarctica's geology?

Accepted Answer

Exposed bedrock (due to limited vegetation and weathering)

Answer

Abundant fossil fuels (such as oil and gas)

Answer

Rich mineral deposits (such as gold and diamonds)

Answer

Extensive volcanic activity (with numerous active volcanoes)

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Transantarctic Mountains?

Accepted Answer

They are composed primarily of sedimentary rocks

Answer

They divide Antarctica into East and West Antarctica

Answer

They are the longest mountain range in the world

Answer

They are home to several research stations

Question 8

What is the name of the international treaty that governs human activity in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

The Antarctic Treaty System

Answer

The Kyoto Protocol

Answer

The Paris Agreement

Answer

The Montreal Protocol

Question 9

What type of glacier dominates the landscape of Antarctica, covering approximately 98% of its surface?

Accepted Answer

Ice sheet

Answer

Alpine glacier

Answer

Valley glacier

Answer

Piedmont glacier

Question 10

Which characteristic distinguishes Antarctic ice sheets from other types of glaciers?

Accepted Answer

Outward flow from a central point

Answer

Thickness of less than 500 meters

Answer

Confined to coastal areas

Answer

Containing significant amounts of freshwater

Question 11

Identify the massive ice shelf located in the Weddell Sea, known for its impressive size and stability.

Accepted Answer

Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf

Answer

Larsen C Ice Shelf

Answer

Ross Ice Shelf

Answer

Amery Ice Shelf

Question 12

Which of the following processes is not involved in the formation of Antarctic mountains?

Accepted Answer

Frequent earthquakes

Answer

Folding of the Earth's crust

Answer

Volcanic activity

Answer

Glacial erosion

Question 13

What is the primary factor responsible for the vibrant blue color often observed in Antarctic icebergs?

Accepted Answer

Scattering of sunlight

Answer

Reflection of sunlight

Answer

Extreme pressure

Answer

Absorption of light by algae

Question 14

What is the name of the international agreement that governs human activities and environmental protection in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Antarctic Treaty System

Answer

Madrid Protocol

Answer

Montreal Protocol

Answer

Kyoto Protocol

Question 15

In which region of Antarctica is the Gamburtsev Mountains range found?

Accepted Answer

East Antarctica

Answer

West Antarctica

Answer

North Antarctica

Answer

South Antarctica

Question 16

The Transantarctic Mountains are primarily a result of:

Accepted Answer

Folding of the Earth's crust

Answer

Erosion by ice and wind

Answer

Volcanic activity

Answer

Subduction of tectonic plates

Question 17

What percentage of Antarctica's surface is covered by ice and snow?

Accepted Answer

Over 98%

Answer

Around 50%

Answer

Approximately 75%

Answer

Less than 25%

Question 18

Which marine mammal is found exclusively in Antarctic waters?

Accepted Answer

Emperor penguin

Answer

Polar bear

Answer

Killer whale

Answer

Seal

Question 19

How does the Antarctic ice sheet influence global climate patterns?

Accepted Answer

By reflecting sunlight and regulating sea levels

Answer

By releasing large amounts of methane

Answer

By absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Answer

By generating powerful storms

Question 20

Which research station is situated at the exact geographic South Pole?

Accepted Answer

Scott-Amundsen South Pole Station

Answer

McMurdo Station

Answer

Palmer Station

Answer

Casey Station

Question 21

The Antarctic ozone hole is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Human-produced chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Answer

Natural weather cycles

Answer

Volcanic eruptions

Answer

Solar radiation

Question 22

How might glacial recession in Antarctica impact wildlife? Consider the effects on marine food webs, migration patterns, and overall biodiversity.

Accepted Answer

Krill populations decline, affecting penguins and seals.

Answer

New breeding grounds are created for Antarctic fur seals.

Answer

Polar bears gain better access to food resources.

Answer

Seabirds have more nesting sites available.

Question 23

How does the melting of Antarctica's glaciers and ice sheets affect global sea levels?

Accepted Answer

It adds water to the oceans, causing sea levels to rise.

Answer

It has no effect on sea levels because the ice is already floating.

Answer

It only affects the local climate around Antarctica.

Answer

It has no impact on coastal regions or ecosystems.

Question 24

What type of glacier covers vast areas of Antarctica, forming a thick, sheet-like structure?

Accepted Answer

Ice sheet

Answer

Valley glacier

Answer

Piedmont glacier

Answer

Hanging glacier

Question 25

What is the geographical significance of the Transantarctic Mountains?

Accepted Answer

They divide Antarctica into distinct eastern and western regions

Answer

They hold potential reserves of valuable mineral resources

Answer

They support a unique ecosystem of cold-adapted species

Answer

They are the source of major ice sheets that flow into the surrounding oceans

Question 26

What is the name of the colossal glacier in Antarctica, recognized as the largest in the world?

Accepted Answer

Lambert Glacier

Answer

Beardmore Glacier

Answer

Pine Island Glacier

Answer

Thwaites Glacier

Question 27

What type of glacier predominantly covers the vast majority of Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Ice sheet

Answer

Piedmont glacier

Answer

Glacier

Answer

Alpine glacier

Question 28

Which process is primarily responsible for the formation of ice sheets?

Accepted Answer

Snow accumulation and compaction over time

Answer

Glacial movement

Answer

Volcanic activity

Answer

Erosion by wind and water

Question 29

What is the name of the vast ice-free region in central Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

McMurdo Dry Valleys

Answer

Ross Sea

Answer

Weddell Sea

Question 30

Which of the following is a significant impact of glaciers on the Antarctic environment?

Accepted Answer

Shape landscapes

Answer

Increase tourism

Answer

Reduce biodiversity

Answer

Pollute water sources

Question 31

What is the primary driver of global climate change impacting Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Greenhouse gas emissions

Answer

Deforestation

Answer

Ozone depletion

Question 32

Which of the following international agreements aims to protect Antarctica's environment?

Accepted Answer

Antarctic Treaty System

Answer

Montreal Protocol

Answer

Kyoto Protocol

Answer

Paris Agreement

Question 33

What is a potential threat to the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet?

Accepted Answer

Melting due to rising ocean temperatures

Answer

Wind erosion

Answer

Volcanic activity

Answer

Increased snowfall

Question 34

Which type of mountain is formed by the accumulation and compression of volcanic ash and lava, resulting in a steep cone shape?

Accepted Answer

Stratovolcano

Answer

Fault-block mountain

Answer

Fold mountain

Answer

Dome mountain

Question 35

In Antarctica, which mountain range forms a massive barrier that divides the continent into East and West Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Transantarctic Mountains

Answer

Shackleton Range

Answer

Sentinel Range

Answer

Ellsworth Mountains

Question 36

Which type of glacier originates in high-altitude mountain areas and flows down slopes, typically forming at least one cirque?

Accepted Answer

Alpine glacier

Answer

Continental glacier

Answer

Outlet glacier

Answer

Ice sheet

Question 37

When a glacier experiences a sudden and rapid downhill movement, often leading to catastrophic destruction, it is referred to as a _____.

Accepted Answer

Glacial surge

Answer

Accumulation

Answer

Calving

Answer

Ablation

Question 38

The line marking the boundary between the part of a glacier where snow accumulates and the part where it melts is known as the _____.

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium line

Answer

Calving line

Answer

Marginal line

Answer

Crevasse line

Question 39

A potential environmental impact of glacial retreat, particularly in polar regions, is the _____.

Accepted Answer

Loss of habitat for polar organisms

Answer

Improved navigation due to reduced sea ice

Answer

Economic benefits from increased accessibility

Answer

Increased tourism opportunities

Question 40

Glaciers play a significant role in regulating the Earth's climate primarily because they _____.

Accepted Answer

Store vast amounts of freshwater, influencing sea level rise.

Answer

Support tourism and recreational activities

Answer

Serve as a source of drinking water for coastal communities

Answer

Provide habitats for diverse wildlife

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a major mountain range in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Andes

Answer

Sentinel Range

Answer

Ellsworth Mountains

Answer

Transantarctic Mountains

Question 42

What type of glacier covers the vast majority of Antarctica's surface?

Accepted Answer

Ice sheet

Answer

Piedmont glacier

Answer

Valley glacier

Answer

Hanging glacier

Question 43

Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for the formation of crevasses in glaciers?

Accepted Answer

Glacial movement

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Evaporation

Question 44

What is the highest mountain peak in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Mount Vinson

Answer

Mount Everest

Answer

K2

Answer

Mount Denali

Question 45

What is a nunatak?

Accepted Answer

A mountain peak that protrudes above the surrounding ice sheet

Answer

A large valley glacier

Answer

A floating ice shelf

Question 46

Which of the following is a distinctive characteristic of the Transantarctic Mountains?

Accepted Answer

They divide the continent into East and West Antarctica

Answer

They are home to a variety of plant and animal life

Answer

They are primarily composed of volcanic rock

Question 47

What is the primary significance of Antarctica's ice sheets and glaciers to the global climate system?

Accepted Answer

They play a major role in regulating sea level and global temperatures

Answer

They are a major source of freshwater

Answer

They provide a habitat for a diverse range of marine life

Question 48

Which geological process is primarily responsible for the formation of mountains in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Convergent movement of tectonic plates

Answer

Volcanic activity

Answer

Erosion by wind and ice

Question 49

How do glaciers contribute to the formation of U-shaped valleys in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Glaciers erode the valley floor and sides through abrasion and plucking, creating a characteristic U-shape.

Answer

Glaciers deposit sediment at the bottom of the valley, forming a U-shape.

Question 50

What is the name of the largest ice sheet on Earth, located in Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

The East Antarctic Ice Sheet

Answer

The Patagonian Ice Field

Answer

The Greenland Ice Sheet

Question 51

How do glaciers facilitate the transportation of sediment within Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Glaciers pick up and carry sediment as they flow, depositing it in new locations as they melt or retreat.

Answer

Glaciers release meltwater, which carries sediment away from the glacier.

Answer

Glaciers create valleys, allowing water to erode and transport sediment.

Question 52

Define a moraine and explain how it is formed.

Accepted Answer

A moraine is a ridge or mound of sediment deposited by a glacier. It forms when the glacier carries and accumulates sediment along its edges or at its terminus.

Answer

A moraine is a valley carved by a glacier.

Question 53

How do mountains and glaciers influence the climate of Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

Mountains and glaciers block warm air masses and reflect sunlight, contributing to a cold and dry climate.

Answer

Glaciers increase precipitation in Antarctica by releasing moisture into the atmosphere.

Question 54

Which of the following is the major mountain range that traverses Antarctica?

Accepted Answer

The Transantarctic Mountains

Answer

The Alps

Answer

The Andes

Question 55

Explain the significance of ice cores in understanding past climate change.

Accepted Answer

Ice cores contain layers of ancient air bubbles and sediment that provide valuable information about past atmospheric conditions, temperatures, and environmental changes.

Answer

Ice cores are used to study the movement of glaciers over time.