Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis Quizzes

Question 1

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Metaphase II

Answer

Anaphase I

Answer

Anaphase II

Question 2

What is the role of the spindle apparatus in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Guides and separates chromosomes during cell division

Answer

Synthesizes and repairs DNA

Answer

Condenses chromatin

Answer

Facilitate cell-to-cell communication

Question 3

What is the primary function of cyclins in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Regulate the timing of cell division events

Answer

Condense chromosomes

Answer

Assemble the spindle apparatus

Answer

Separate sister chromatids

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Both of the above

Answer

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells; meiosis produces four genetically diverse daughter cells.

Answer

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells; meiosis occurs in gametes.

Answer

Neither of the above

Question 5

Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding the manipulation of cell division in medical treatments.

Accepted Answer

Well-defined ethical guidelines are essential for responsible use in medicine.

Answer

It poses no ethical concerns.

Answer

Ethical considerations should focus solely on the patient's immediate well-being.

Answer

Manipulating cell division is inherently unethical in all situations.

Question 6

How does mitosis contribute to tissue repair and growth in organisms?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis increases the number of cells in an organism, contributing to growth and repair.

Answer

Mitosis produces genetically diverse daughter cells for immune response.

Answer

Mitosis repairs damaged tissues by producing specialized immune cells.

Question 7

In prophase I of meiosis, what event occurs?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and genetic recombination

Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Answer

Formation of tetrads

Answer

Separation of sister chromatids

Question 8

Which protein actively participates in separating chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Tubulin

Answer

Histones

Answer

Actin

Answer

Myosin

Question 9

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of genetic stability

Answer

Uncontrolled cell division

Answer

Resistance to apoptosis

Answer

Ability to invade other tissues

Question 10

How do cell cycle checkpoints contribute to accurate cell division, and what are the potential consequences of their failure?

Accepted Answer

Checkpoints monitor cell division, halting it if errors are detected, allowing for DNA repair or apoptosis.

Answer

Checkpoints are only present at the G1/S and G2/M transitions, not regulating other cell cycle stages.

Answer

Checkpoint failure always leads to cell death, as errors cannot be corrected.

Question 11

In the context of regenerative medicine and gene therapy, discuss the ethical considerations associated with manipulating cell division. Emphasize the importance of responsible and ethical use of these technologies.

Accepted Answer

Ethical guidelines and oversight are crucial to ensure responsible use and minimize potential risks.

Answer

Cell division manipulation poses no ethical concerns because it is purely scientific.

Answer

It should be allowed without restrictions due to its potential to cure diseases.

Answer

It should be limited to research only, excluding clinical applications.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an application of cell division in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

Stem cell research

Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Production of therapeutic proteins

Question 13

What is the primary role of spindle fibers in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

To attach to the chromosomes and guide their movement

Answer

To separate the sister chromatids of each chromosome

Answer

To form the cell plate during cytokinesis

Answer

To synthesize new DNA molecules

Question 14

Which type of cell division produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis II

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 15

What is the main purpose of cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

To separate the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells

Answer

To create a new nuclear envelope around each daughter cell

Answer

To synthesize new DNA molecules

Answer

To align chromosomes along the cell's equator

Question 16

In the process of meiosis, during which phase do homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Anaphase I

Answer

Telophase I

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division?

Accepted Answer

Aging

Answer

Growth and development

Answer

Tissue repair

Answer

Reproduction

Question 18

Which type of cell division is responsible for creating gametes (sex cells)?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 19

At which stage of meiosis do the chromosomes align at the equator of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Metaphase II

Answer

Anaphase I

Answer

Telophase I

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Anaphase

Question 21

Which of the following is an advantage of genetic variation resulting from crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased adaptation to changing environmental conditions

Answer

Reduced likelihood of genetic disorders

Answer

Conservation of genetic information

Answer

Accelerated cell division

Question 22

What ethical concerns arise from manipulating cell division for genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

It could lead to eugenics and discrimination based on genetic traits.

Answer

It's ethically acceptable as long as it's used for medical treatments.

Answer

It only affects individuals who choose genetic engineering.

Answer

It's purely a scientific advancement with no moral implications.

Question 23

Establish the correct chronological order of the stages of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Answer

Metaphase → Prophase → Anaphase → Telophase

Answer

Anaphase → Prophase → Metaphase → Telophase

Answer

Telophase → Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase

Question 24

During cell division, the centromere plays a critical role. What is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Serves as the attachment point for spindle fibres to chromosomes

Answer

Condenses chromosomes

Answer

Facilitates the movement of genetic material

Answer

Separates homologous chromosomes

Question 25

In comparing mitosis and meiosis, a key distinction can be identified. Which statement accurately describes this difference?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis yields four genetically diverse daughter cells.

Answer

Mitosis is continuous, whereas meiosis occurs in discrete stages.

Answer

Mitosis involves the replication of DNA, while meiosis does not.

Answer

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, whereas meiosis is exclusive to gametes.

Question 26

During meiosis, genetic variation is introduced through a process known as:

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Answer

Gene duplication

Answer

Natural selection

Answer

Mutation

Question 27

Which type of cell undergoes meiosis, leading to the formation of gametes?

Accepted Answer

Gametes

Answer

Meristematic cells

Answer

Stem cells

Answer

Somatic cells

Question 28

The G1 phase is a crucial stage in the cell cycle. What is its primary purpose?

Accepted Answer

Cell growth and maintaining normal cellular functions

Answer

Chromosome duplication

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Spindle fibre formation

Question 29

Cell division can be influenced by various factors. Which of the following is known to affect the rate of cell division?

Accepted Answer

Temperature, availability of nutrients, and growth hormones

Answer

Sound waves and electromagnetic radiation

Answer

Magnetic fields and gravitational forces

Answer

Light intensity, pH, and air pressure

Question 30

Cytokinesis is a critical process in cell division. What is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Dividing the cytoplasm and organelles into two distinct daughter cells

Answer

Condensing chromosomes

Answer

Separating homologous chromosomes

Answer

Synthesizing new DNA

Question 31

Which cellular structure plays a key role in both mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Spindle fibres

Answer

Centrioles

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleolus

Question 32

What is the primary function of telomeres in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Preventing the gradual loss of genetic information during successive DNA replications

Answer

Separating homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Answer

Facilitating the attachment of spindle fibres to chromosomes

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring cell growth, tissue repair, and replacement of worn-out cells

Answer

Generating genetic diversity in offspring

Answer

Facilitating the growth and development of an organism

Answer

Producing gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 34

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equator of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Question 35

Which of the following options is NOT a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The number of daughter cells produced

Answer

The exchange of genetic material through crossing over in meiosis

Answer

The occurrence of independent assortment in meiosis

Answer

The process of synapsis in meiosis

Question 36

What is the primary role of the centromere in cell division?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the attachment point for spindle fibres, enabling the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.

Answer

It controls the expression of genes and regulates cellular processes.

Answer

It stores the genetic information and ensures its faithful transmission.

Answer

It facilitates the recombination of genetic material during meiosis.

Question 37

Which of the following events takes place during prophase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment of chromosomes, ensuring genetic diversity in gametes.

Answer

Homologous chromosome pairing, facilitating genetic recombination.

Answer

Separation of sister chromatids, resulting in the formation of four haploid daughter cells.

Answer

Synapsis and crossing over, leading to the exchange of genetic material.

Question 38

Why is meiosis essential for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It ensures genetic variation in offspring through independent assortment and crossing over, contributing to the diversity of a species.

Answer

It promotes growth and development in offspring, facilitating the maturation and formation of new tissues.

Answer

It maintains the diploid chromosome number in offspring, ensuring genetic stability.

Answer

It repairs damaged cells and tissues, maintaining the health of an organism.

Question 39

Which of the following factors could potentially disrupt the normal progression of cell division?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to high levels of radiation, which can damage DNA and interfere with cell cycle checkpoints.

Answer

Nutrients, which are essential for cell growth and division but do not typically disrupt the process.

Answer

Hormones, which regulate cellular processes but do not directly interfere with cell division.

Answer

Temperature, which can affect enzyme activity but does not usually lead to cell cycle disruptions.

Question 40

What is the key role of checkpoints during cell division?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the accurate duplication and segregation of chromosomes, preventing genetic errors and mutations.

Answer

To speed up the rate of cell division

Answer

To repair damaged DNA

Question 41

Identify the correct sequence of stages in mitosis:

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Answer

Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase

Answer

Anaphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase

Answer

Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 42

What is the primary function of centrioles in cell division?

Accepted Answer

To organize spindle fibres and orchestrate chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis.

Answer

To facilitate cell wall synthesis

Answer

To store genetic material

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Question 43

Identify the specific purpose of meiosis in cell division:

Accepted Answer

To reduce the chromosome number by half, producing gametes (eggs and sperm) with haploid sets of chromosomes.

Answer

To facilitate tissue growth

Answer

To repair damaged cells

Question 44

What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It promotes genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity.

Answer

To accelerate cell division

Answer

To prevent errors in chromosome separation

Question 45

Identify the potential consequences of non-disjunction (the failure of chromosomes to separate properly) during cell division:

Accepted Answer

Genetic disorders and birth defects, such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome, due to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resulting cells.

Answer

Enhanced immune function

Answer

Increased cell growth

Answer

Improved metabolic efficiency

Question 46

Which technique is commonly used to study cell division in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Microscopy, specifically light microscopy and electron microscopy, allowing visualization of cells and their structures at different magnifications.

Answer

X-ray imaging

Answer

Blood tests

Answer

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Question 47

Describe the practical significance of understanding cell division:

Accepted Answer

It contributes to advancements in medicine, biotechnology, and genetic engineering, enabling treatments for genetic disorders, development of new drugs, and improvement of crop yields.

Answer

Improving crop yield

Answer

Developing new technologies

Question 48

Identify the accurate sequence of stages in the cell cycle:

Accepted Answer

Interphase (including G1, S, and G2 phases), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Answer

Interphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase

Answer

Prophase, Interphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 49

During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes align along the equator of the cell, forming a metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Answer

Prophase

Question 50

Which type of cell division involves the separation of identical genetic material into two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Question 51

What structure separates the newly formed daughter cells during cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Chromatin

Question 52

What is the main function of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the number of chromosomes by half, creating gametes for sexual reproduction

Answer

To produce genetically identical cells

Answer

To repair damaged genetic material

Question 53

During which stage of meiosis do tetrads form?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Prophase II

Question 54

What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination

Answer

Gene duplication

Answer

Fertilization

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence the rate of cell division?

Accepted Answer

Body mass

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Hormones

Answer

Nutrient availability

Question 56

Explain the importance of cell division in the growth and development of living organisms.

Accepted Answer

It enables the growth of new cells, the replacement of old or damaged cells, and the formation of specialized cells for various functions.

Answer

It helps regulate blood pressure.

Answer

It generates energy for the body.