Gene Expression: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Sixth Form Biology

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a key transcription factor in regulating gene expression?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

TBP

Answer

CREB

Answer

NF-κB

Question 2

Which process occurs first in the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

RNA processing

Question 3

What type of RNA molecule carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA

Answer

Transfer RNA

Answer

Ribosomal RNA

Answer

Small nuclear RNA

Question 4

What is the term for the process of adding a string of adenine nucleotides to the end of a newly synthesized RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Polyadenylation

Answer

Capping

Answer

Splicing

Answer

Editing

Question 5

What is the main function of a promoter in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Initiates transcription

Answer

Terminates transcription

Answer

Encodes the protein sequence

Answer

Regulates gene activity

Question 6

Which of the following is not a type of RNA polymerase found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase V

Answer

RNA polymerase I

Answer

RNA polymerase II

Answer

RNA polymerase III

Question 7

The primary stage of RNA synthesis involves the formation of:

Accepted Answer

DNA-RNA hybrids

Answer

RNA-DNA hybrids

Answer

DNA-DNA hybrids

Answer

RNA-RNA hybrids

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of enhancers in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Promoting gene transcription

Answer

Suppressing gene transcription

Answer

Terminating gene transcription

Answer

Initiating gene transcription

Question 9

The ribosome is a complex structure involved in which process?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Gene regulation

Question 10

Which of the following mechanisms is involved in translational regulation?

Accepted Answer

Attenuation

Answer

Capping

Answer

Polyadenylation

Answer

Splicing

Question 11

A promoter region is typically located:

Accepted Answer

Upstream of the transcription start site

Answer

Downstream of the transcription termination site

Answer

Within the coding region

Answer

At the end of the 3' UTR

Question 12

Gene expression is the process by which genetic information in DNA is used to direct the synthesis of:

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a step in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Splicing

Question 14

Transcription factors are proteins that:

Accepted Answer

Bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression

Answer

Catalyze the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Answer

Transport mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Answer

Facilitate the attachment of ribosomes to mRNA

Question 15

Which of the following is a mechanism of translation regulation?

Accepted Answer

MicroRNAs

Answer

Histone modification

Answer

Transcription attenuation

Answer

Alternative splicing

Question 16

The genetic code is a set of rules that specifies:

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a protein based on the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA

Answer

A code that translates protein sequences into DNA sequences

Answer

A code that determines the sequence of bases in DNA

Answer

A code that determines the structure of ribosomes

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Introns are present in the primary transcript

Answer

Transcription and translation occur in the same compartment

Answer

RNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate transcription

Answer

Only one strand of DNA is used as a template for transcription

Question 18

The process by which a gene is turned off is known as:

Accepted Answer

Gene silencing

Answer

Gene activation

Answer

Gene regulation

Answer

Gene expression

Question 19

The discovery of microRNAs has led to significant advancements in the field of:

Accepted Answer

Gene regulation

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Cell division

Question 20

Which step is not involved in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Splicing

Question 21

What is the function of transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

To regulate gene expression by binding to specific sequences

Answer

To add nucleotides to the RNA molecule during transcription

Answer

To convert the genetic code into a protein sequence

Answer

To remove introns from pre-mRNA

Question 22

Which of the following is not a mechanism of translational regulation?

Accepted Answer

Intron removal from pre-mRNA

Answer

Codon usage

Answer

Availability of tRNA molecules

Answer

Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2

Question 23

Which step initiates the process of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Condensation

Question 24

In transcription, what is the primary function of RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize the mRNA strand complementary to the DNA template

Answer

To unwind the DNA double helix

Answer

To proofread the newly synthesized mRNA

Answer

To initiate transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences

Question 25

What type of mutation results in a prematurely terminated protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Answer

Missense mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Silent mutation

Question 26

How does gene expression contribute to the diversity of traits within a population?

Accepted Answer

Variations in gene expression patterns can lead to different phenotypes

Answer

Gene expression does not influence phenotypic variation

Answer

Gene expression only affects genetic variation, not phenotypic variation

Answer

Gene expression is entirely dictated by the genotype

Question 27

Which of the following plays a vital role in minimizing errors during protein synthesis by assisting in the proper folding of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Molecular Chaperones

Answer

Transcription Factors

Answer

Post-Translational Modifications

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA polymerase found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial RNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase I

Answer

RNA polymerase II

Answer

RNA polymerase III

Question 29

What is the primary function of transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

Bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression

Answer

Translate mRNA into proteins

Answer

Replicate DNA molecules

Answer

Unwind DNA double helices

Question 30

Identify the codon that corresponds to the amino acid methionine.

Accepted Answer

AUG

Answer

UAC

Answer

AAU

Answer

CCG

Question 31

What is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Reverse transcription

Question 32

What is the primary role of ribosomes in the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

Assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain

Answer

Unwind the DNA double helix

Answer

Synthesize mRNA from a DNA template

Answer

Regulate gene expression

Question 33

Summarize the significance of the central dogma of molecular biology.

Accepted Answer

Describes the unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein

Answer

Explains how mutations occur in DNA

Answer

Predicts protein structures based on amino acid sequences

Answer

Provides a basis for genetic engineering techniques

Question 34

What is the primary role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Accepted Answer

To catalyze the synthesis of mRNA

Answer

To join amino acids together in the correct sequence

Answer

To unzip the DNA double helix

Answer

To transport mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 35

Which of the following is a non-coding RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

snoRNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

tRNA

Question 36

What is the primary function of ribosomes in translation?

Accepted Answer

To assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain

Answer

To unwind the DNA double helix

Answer

To splice pre-mRNA into mRNA

Answer

To modify proteins after translation

Question 37

Describe the key difference between constitutive and inducible genes.

Accepted Answer

Constitutive genes are always expressed, while inducible genes are only expressed in response to a specific stimulus

Answer

Inducible genes are always expressed, while constitutive genes are only expressed in response to a specific stimulus

Answer

Constitutive genes are expressed at a low level, while inducible genes are expressed at a high level

Answer

Inducible genes are expressed in all cells, while constitutive genes are only expressed in certain cells

Question 38

How do environmental factors influence gene expression and affect an organism's observable traits?

Accepted Answer

Temperature changes can alter gene expression by affecting transcription factors.

Accepted Answer

Light exposure can regulate gene expression in organisms with light-sensitive receptors.

Accepted Answer

Exposure to chemical pollutants can potentially alter gene expression patterns by interacting with DNA.

Answer

pH level changes mainly impact enzyme activity, not gene expression.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a stage of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Initiation

Answer

Elongation

Answer

Termination

Question 40

How do environmental factors influence gene expression?

Accepted Answer

By affecting transcription factors

Answer

By altering DNA sequences

Answer

By directly modifying mRNA translation

Answer

Environmental factors have no impact on gene expression

Question 41

What unique feature distinguishes eukaryotic gene expression from prokaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Presence of introns and exons in the primary transcript

Answer

Circular DNA in the nucleus

Answer

Exclusive use of ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a step in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Protein folding

Answer

Translation

Answer

Gene regulation

Answer

Transcription

Question 43

Which of the following types of RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing mRNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Answer

RNA polymerase I

Answer

RNA polymerase III

Answer

Helicase

Question 44

Which of the following is the primary function of transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

To bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate gene expression

Answer

To repair damaged DNA.

Answer

To unwind DNA during replication.

Answer

To translate mRNA into proteins.

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional regulation?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Transcription initiation

Answer

Translation elongation

Question 46

Which of the following is a type of post-translational regulation?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Translation initiation

Answer

DNA repair

Answer

Transcription termination

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a step in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

DNA Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Gene Regulation

Question 48

The conversion of DNA into RNA is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Replication

Question 49

Which enzyme is responsible for initiating transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA Polymerase

Answer

DNA Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 50

Which RNA type carries genetic instructions from nucleus to ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 51

The process of translating mRNA into a protein sequence is called:

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Mutation

Question 52

During translation, which molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs)

Answer

Small Nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)

Answer

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs)

Answer

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs)

Question 53

Which gene regulation type controls gene expression through chromatin structure changes?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic Regulation

Answer

Transcriptional Regulation

Answer

Translational Regulation

Answer

Post-Translational Regulation

Question 54

What do transcription factors do?

Accepted Answer

Regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA regions

Answer

Carry amino acids to ribosomes during translation

Answer

Catalyze DNA transcription into RNA

Question 55

Which is an example of a post-translational modification?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

DNA Methylation

Answer

Histone Acetylation

Answer

Alternative Splicing

Question 56

Why is studying gene expression important?

Accepted Answer

To understand cellular function and development

Answer

To learn only how proteins are formed

Answer

To know only how DNA is inherited

Answer

To understand only how mutations occur