Genetic Engineering Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge in Gene Editing

Question 1

In gene cloning, what are the specific roles of restriction enzymes and DNA ligase?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, and DNA ligase joins the cut DNA fragments together.

Answer

Restriction enzymes join DNA fragments together, and DNA ligase cuts DNA at specific sequences.

Answer

Both restriction enzymes and DNA ligase cut DNA at specific sequences.

Answer

Both restriction enzymes and DNA ligase join DNA fragments together.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a crucial step in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion

Answer

Ligation

Answer

Transformation

Question 3

The primary function of a plasmid in genetic engineering is to serve as:

Accepted Answer

A carrier for introducing foreign DNA into host organisms

Answer

A means of producing large quantities of protein

Answer

A regulatory element for controlling gene expression

Answer

A protective barrier against DNA degradation

Question 4

The separation of DNA fragments based on size is achieved through which technique?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

Transformation

Answer

Restriction digestion

Question 5

Which method is commonly used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

Answer

Electroporation

Answer

Microinjection

Answer

PCR

Question 6

The primary advantage of using PCR in genetic engineering is its ability to:

Accepted Answer

Amplify specific DNA sequences

Answer

Introduce mutations into DNA

Answer

Determine the sequence of DNA

Answer

Analyze gene expression levels

Question 7

Which technique involves directly inserting a foreign gene into the genome of a host organism?

Accepted Answer

Genetic modification

Answer

Gene cloning

Answer

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 8

The process of joining a gene of interest with a vector DNA molecule is known as:

Accepted Answer

Ligation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Transformation

Answer

Restriction digestion

Question 9

Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 10

The ethical concern that genetic engineering could cause unintended harm to the environment is known as:

Accepted Answer

Biodiversity loss

Answer

Eugenics

Answer

Biopiracy

Answer

Genetic discrimination

Question 11

Which application of genetic engineering has the potential to increase crop yield?

Accepted Answer

Gene editing to enhance disease resistance

Answer

Gene therapy for genetic disorders

Answer

Cloning of endangered species

Answer

Forensic analysis

Question 12

Which vector is commonly used in plant genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Ti plasmid

Answer

Bacteriophage

Answer

Cosmid

Answer

Yeast artificial chromosome

Question 13

The use of gene editing techniques to modify the genome of an organism is known as:

Accepted Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer

Molecular cloning

Answer

Gene knockout

Question 14

Which of the following is a potential benefit of genetic engineering in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Development of personalized medicine

Answer

Increased risk of cancer

Answer

Reduction in genetic diversity

Answer

Introduction of new diseases

Question 15

The agency responsible for regulating the use of genetic engineering in the United Kingdom is:

Accepted Answer

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency

Answer

Health and Safety Executive

Answer

Food Standards Agency

Answer

Environment Agency

Question 16

Which of the following methods is NOT used in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gene cloning

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 17

Which enzyme plays a crucial role in cutting DNA at specific recognition sites during genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 18

What is the primary function of a plasmid in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

To transport the foreign gene into the host organism

Answer

To amplify the target gene

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Answer

To translate the foreign gene

Question 19

Which application of genetic engineering holds the potential to increase crop yields?

Accepted Answer

Development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Answer

Development of new drugs and therapies

Answer

Genetic engineering of animals for medical research

Answer

Forensic science

Question 20

What is the term for a specific DNA sequence that contains the instructions for producing a particular protein?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Allele

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Genome

Question 21

What is the role of a promoter in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Initiates transcription

Answer

Terminates transcription

Answer

Encodes the protein

Answer

Regulates the expression of the gene

Question 22

Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, generating sticky ends?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 23

Which technique is used to integrate a foreign gene into a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

Restriction digestion and ligation

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 24

Which application of genetic engineering holds promise for treating genetic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Forensic science

Answer

Bioremediation

Answer

Agricultural biotechnology

Question 25

What is the distinction between a transgenic organism and a knockout organism?

Accepted Answer

Transgenic organisms have foreign genes inserted, while knockout organisms have specific genes inactivated or 'knocked out.'

Answer

Knockout organisms have foreign genes inserted, while transgenic organisms have specific genes inactivated or 'knocked out.'

Answer

Transgenic organisms and knockout organisms have both foreign genes inserted and specific genes inactivated or 'knocked out.'

Answer

There is no difference between transgenic and knockout organisms.

Question 26

Which factor is NOT relevant when designing a genetic engineering experiment?

Accepted Answer

Astrological sign of the researcher

Answer

Identification of the target gene

Answer

Choice of an appropriate vector

Answer

Selection of a suitable host organism

Question 27

What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

To separate and visualize DNA fragments

Answer

To amplify DNA

Answer

To cut DNA

Answer

To detect mutations

Question 28

Which technique is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Restriction digestion

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 29

What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

To cut DNA at specific recognition sequences

Answer

To join DNA fragments together

Answer

To amplify DNA

Answer

To transcribe DNA into RNA

Question 30

Which type of vector is commonly used for gene cloning in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Answer

Bacteriophage

Answer

Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)

Answer

Cosmid

Question 31

What is the function of ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To join DNA fragments together

Answer

To cut DNA at specific recognition sequences

Answer

To amplify DNA

Answer

To transcribe DNA into RNA

Question 32

What is gene sequencing?

Accepted Answer

Determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

Answer

Amplifying DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Cloning a gene into a plasmid vector

Answer

Transforming a vector into a host organism

Question 33

Which enzyme is essential for synthesizing complementary DNA (cDNA) from mRNA during gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Restriction enzyme

Question 34

In genetic engineering, what is the primary function of a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a vector for carrying and replicating foreign DNA

Answer

To transcribe genes into messenger RNA

Answer

To translate messenger RNA into proteins

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Question 35

What is the term used to describe the process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Answer

Ligation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Conjugation

Question 36

Which technique allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Microarray analysis

Question 37

What is the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

Answer

To join DNA fragments together

Answer

To replicate DNA

Answer

To transcribe DNA into RNA

Question 38

Which of the following represent emerging trends in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Gene editing for precise DNA modifications

Accepted Answer

Personalized medicine based on genetic profiles

Answer

Genetic engineering of crops solely for yield improvement

Answer

Cloning and reproductive technologies as the most recent advancements

Question 39

Which enzyme is used to cleave DNA at specific sequences called restriction sites, initiating recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Question 40

In genetic modification, the gene of interest is typically integrated into a cloning vector called a:

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Answer

Genomic DNA

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 41

Which method is employed to amplify the target DNA fragment once inserted into the cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Restriction digestion

Question 42

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Unforeseen environmental consequences

Answer

Improved drug development

Answer

Advancements in medical treatments

Answer

Increased food production

Question 43

What was the primary objective of the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

To sequence the entire human genome

Answer

To study the evolution of humans

Answer

To develop gene therapies for all diseases

Answer

To create designer babies

Question 44

Which of the following is a recognized limitation of genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

It cannot cure all genetic diseases

Answer

It enables the creation of genetically modified organisms

Answer

It is an affordable technology

Answer

It carries no ethical implications

Question 45

What is the technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and electrical charge called?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

DNA microarrays

Question 46

Which type of organism is a primary source of restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Plants

Answer

Yeast

Answer

Animals

Question 47

Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences during gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 48

What term describes the process of inserting a gene from one organism into the genome of another?

Accepted Answer

Transgenesis

Answer

Selective breeding

Answer

Cloning

Answer

Gene therapy

Question 49

Golden Rice, a genetically modified variety, was specifically engineered to produce which nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Protein

Answer

Zinc

Answer

Iron

Question 50

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Unequal access to genetic technologies

Answer

Increased crop yields in developing countries

Answer

Development of new disease treatments

Answer

Enhanced nutritional value of food crops

Question 51

What type of vector is most commonly used to introduce a gene into a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Chromosome

Question 52

What technique is used to create many copies of a specific DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Gene cloning

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 53

What is the key difference between gene cloning and genetic modification?

Accepted Answer

Gene cloning replicates a specific gene, while genetic modification introduces a gene into another organism.

Answer

Gene cloning is used for research, while genetic modification is used for commercial purposes.

Answer

Gene cloning creates new genes, while genetic modification alters existing genes.

Answer

Gene cloning is done in bacteria, while genetic modification is done in plants and animals.

Question 54

What is the purpose of a promoter in a gene construct used for genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

To initiate and regulate the expression of the inserted gene

Answer

To join DNA fragments together

Answer

To cut the DNA at specific sequences

Answer

To help the gene insert into the host genome

Question 55

Which technique would be most effective for identifying individuals carrying a specific genetic mutation within a population?

Accepted Answer

Genetic screening

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Genome editing

Answer

Gene cloning