Programming Constructs: Master Variables, Loops, and Functions

Question 1

Which of the following is not a basic data type in Python?

Accepted Answer

List

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 2

What is the main purpose of control flow statements in programming?

Accepted Answer

To allow for decision-making and conditional execution paths.

Answer

To define the types of data used in the program.

Answer

To store data that can be accessed throughout the program.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental programming construct in Python?

Accepted Answer

Objects

Answer

Variables

Answer

Loops

Answer

Functions

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of a loop in programming?

Accepted Answer

To repeatedly execute a set of statements

Answer

To store data permanently

Answer

To define a reusable block of code

Answer

To receive input from the user

Question 5

What is the key difference between local and global variables in Python?

Accepted Answer

Global variables are accessible throughout the program, while local variables are only accessible within specific functions.

Answer

Local variables are accessible throughout the program, while global variables are only accessible within specific functions.

Answer

There is no difference between local and global variables in Python.

Answer

Local variables are stored on the heap, while global variables are stored on the stack.

Question 6

What is the purpose of the 'return' statement in a Python function?

Accepted Answer

To return a value from the function

Answer

To exit the function

Answer

To pass arguments to the function

Answer

To declare the function's parameters

Question 7

What is the difference between a parameter and an argument in Python programming?

Accepted Answer

Parameters are the variables declared in the function definition, while arguments are the values passed to the function when called.

Answer

Arguments are the variables declared in the function definition, while parameters are the values passed to the function when called.

Answer

There is no difference between parameters and arguments in Python.

Answer

Parameters are stored on the heap, while arguments are stored on the stack.

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of using loops in programming?

Accepted Answer

Execute a block of code repeatedly based on a condition

Answer

Store data in memory

Answer

Define functions

Answer

Handle user input

Question 9

Which syntax is correct for a while loop in Python?

Accepted Answer

while (condition):

Answer

while condition:

Answer

while condition do:

Answer

until condition:

Question 10

Explain the difference between a local and a global variable in Python.

Accepted Answer

Local variables are accessible only within the function they are defined in, while global variables are accessible throughout the program.

Answer

Global variables are accessible only within the function they are defined in, while local variables are accessible throughout the program.

Answer

Local variables are stored in memory, while global variables are stored on disk.

Answer

Global variables are read-only, while local variables can be modified.

Question 11

Which syntax is correct for defining a function in Python?

Accepted Answer

def function_name():

Answer

function function_name():

Answer

function_name def():

Answer

define function_name():

Question 12

What is the purpose of the return statement in a Python function?

Accepted Answer

Exit the function and return a value

Answer

Terminate the program

Answer

Pass arguments to another function

Answer

Define a variable

Question 13

What is the purpose of a break statement in a loop?

Accepted Answer

Exit the loop immediately

Answer

Pause the loop

Answer

Skip the current iteration of the loop

Answer

Define a new variable

Question 14

What is the fundamental difference between a while loop and a for loop?

Accepted Answer

While loops continue until a condition is false, while for loops iterate over a sequence of values

Answer

For loops continue until a condition is false, while while loops iterate over a sequence of values

Answer

Both while loops and for loops execute indefinitely until stopped

Answer

There is no significant difference between while loops and for loops

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of the return statement in a function?

Accepted Answer

To terminate the execution of the function and optionally return a value

Answer

To create a new variable with the specified name and value

Answer

To pass data back to the function that called it

Answer

To define the data type of the function's output

Question 16

Which of the following is a valid variable name in Python?

Accepted Answer

customer_name

Answer

123_abc

Answer

True

Answer

print

Question 17

What is the key difference between a local variable and a global variable?

Accepted Answer

Local variables are accessible only within the function they are defined, while global variables are accessible throughout the program

Answer

Global variables are accessible only within the function they are defined, while local variables are accessible throughout the program

Answer

Both local variables and global variables have the same scope and accessibility

Answer

There is no difference between local variables and global variables

Question 18

Which Python operator is used for integer division?

Accepted Answer

//

Answer

/

Answer

%

Question 19

What is the output of the following Python code: print(round(3.14159, 2))?

Accepted Answer

3.14

Answer

3.15

Answer

3.142

Answer

3.14159

Question 20

In Python, which data type represents whole numbers?

Accepted Answer

int

Answer

float

Answer

string

Answer

char

Question 21

What is the primary function of a loop in programming?

Accepted Answer

To repeatedly execute a set of instructions

Answer

To store data in an organized manner

Answer

To define a function

Answer

To terminate a program

Question 22

In Java, which loop construct allows you to exit the loop early if a condition is met?

Accepted Answer

do-while

Answer

for

Answer

while

Answer

switch

Question 23

What is the distinction between a parameter and an argument in a function?

Accepted Answer

Parameters are defined in the function declaration, while arguments are provided when calling the function.

Answer

Arguments are defined in the function declaration, while parameters are provided when calling the function.

Answer

Parameters and arguments are interchangeable terms.

Answer

There is no distinction between parameters and arguments.

Question 24

In Python, which scope level restricts a variable's accessibility to within the function it is defined?

Accepted Answer

Local

Answer

Global

Answer

Enclosed

Answer

Protected

Question 25

What is the purpose of a break statement within a loop?

Accepted Answer

To immediately terminate the loop

Answer

To skip the current iteration and continue looping

Answer

To temporarily pause the loop

Answer

To restart the loop

Question 26

Which of the following is not considered a programming construct?

Accepted Answer

Keywords

Answer

Variables

Answer

Loops

Answer

Functions

Question 27

What is the correct syntax for a while loop in Java?

Accepted Answer

while (condition) { code }

Answer

{ code } while (condition)

Answer

while { code } (condition)

Answer

(condition) while { code }

Question 28

In Python's try-except error handling, what is the purpose of the 'else' block?

Accepted Answer

Executes if no errors occur in the 'try' block.

Answer

Executes if an error occurs in the 'try' block.

Answer

Executes regardless of errors in the 'try' block.

Question 29

Which of the following is a valid variable name according to Python naming conventions?

Accepted Answer

my_variable

Answer

123abc

Answer

my variable

Answer

print()

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a valid logical operator?

Accepted Answer

IF

Answer

AND

Answer

OR

Answer

NOT

Question 31

Determine the output of the following Python code: 
print(5 // 2)

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

2.5

Answer

3

Answer

5

Question 32

Which of the following best describes the principle of encapsulation in object-oriented programming (OOP)?

Accepted Answer

Concealing data and methods within objects

Answer

Reusing code through inheritance

Answer

Responding to messages based on object type

Answer

Creating globally accessible variables

Question 33

Which of these is NOT a fundamental programming construct?

Accepted Answer

Arrays

Answer

Variables

Answer

Loops

Answer

Functions

Question 34

What is the defining characteristic of a recursive function?

Accepted Answer

It calls itself directly or indirectly.

Answer

It uses a loop to iterate through a sequence.

Answer

It always has a base case to prevent infinite recursion.

Answer

It is typically used to solve mathematical problems.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the three core programming constructs?

Accepted Answer

Objects

Answer

Variables

Answer

Loops

Answer

Functions

Question 36

In programming, which construct enables a program to repeatedly execute a specific set of instructions?

Accepted Answer

Loop

Answer

Variable

Answer

Function

Question 37

Identify the programming construct that permits executing a block of code multiple times.

Accepted Answer

Loop

Answer

Variable

Answer

Function

Answer

Array

Question 38

Select the data structure that organizes data in an ordered, sequential manner.

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Hash Map

Answer

Stack

Answer

Linked List

Question 39

Which keyword is employed to prematurely exit a loop?

Accepted Answer

break

Answer

exit

Answer

continue

Answer

return

Question 40

In programming, what is the primary purpose of a function?

Accepted Answer

To encapsulate code for reuse and modularity.

Answer

To store data persistently

Answer

To create new data types

Answer

To handle input and output operations

Question 41

Distinguish between a parameter and an argument in the context of functions.

Accepted Answer

Parameters are formal placeholders in the function definition, while arguments are actual values provided when calling the function.

Answer

Parameters are declared outside the function, while arguments are defined inside.

Answer

Parameters are passed by reference, while arguments are passed by value.

Question 42

Which loop type is most suitable for iterating through a range of values in sequence?

Accepted Answer

For loop

Answer

While loop

Answer

Do-while loop

Question 43

In a programming language, what does the scope of a variable refer to?

Accepted Answer

The region of the program where the variable is accessible

Answer

The location in memory where the variable is stored

Answer

The duration of the program's execution

Question 44

Which data type is commonly used to represent logical values of true or false?

Accepted Answer

Boolean

Answer

Integer

Answer

Float

Answer

Character

Question 45

What is the purpose of using a null value in programming?

Accepted Answer

Representing the absence of a meaningful value

Answer

Terminating a string

Answer

Comparing two variables for equality

Answer

Creating an empty list or collection

Question 46

Identify the conditional statement used to execute code only when a specified condition is satisfied.

Accepted Answer

If statement

Answer

Switch statement

Answer

Boolean operator

Answer

Ternary operator