Cognitive Psychology Quizzes: Test Your Understanding of the Mind

Question 1

Which of the following is **not** a stage in the multi-store model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Decay

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a stage of memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model?

Accepted Answer

Procedural Memory

Answer

Sensory Memory

Answer

Short-Term Memory

Answer

Long-Term Memory

Question 3

Which component is excluded from Baddeley and Hitch's working memory model?

Accepted Answer

Episodic Buffer

Answer

Central Executive

Answer

Phonological loop

Answer

Visuospatial sketchpad

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of working memory, as proposed by Baddeley's model?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Phonological loop

Answer

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer

Episodic buffer

Question 5

In cognitive psychology, what is the best definition of working memory?

Accepted Answer

A temporary storage space for information being actively processed.

Answer

A permanent storage space for information that can be accessed later.

Answer

A process for retrieving information from long-term memory.

Question 6

What is a characteristic of working memory?

Accepted Answer

Limited information storage

Accepted Answer

Information modification and manipulation

Answer

Indefinite information storage

Answer

Preservation of information in its original sensory form

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Implicit memory

Answer

Explicit memory

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of the Gestalt principles of perception?

Accepted Answer

The brain passively receives sensory information without actively interpreting it.

Answer

Objects are perceived as complete entities rather than isolated components.

Answer

The proximity of objects affects how they are perceived.

Answer

Similar elements tend to be grouped together.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a core cognitive process?

Accepted Answer

Emotion

Answer

Perception

Answer

Attention

Answer

Memory

Question 10

According to the cognitive theory of perception, which factors influence our perception of the world?

Accepted Answer

Both sensory information and cognitive schemas

Answer

Sensory information only

Answer

Emotional factors primarily

Answer

Cultural factors mainly

Question 11

Which approach to attention focuses primarily on the physical features of stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up

Answer

Top-down

Answer

Effortful

Answer

Divided

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the information-processing model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Question 13

Which factor does NOT influence how we group objects together, according to the Gestalt principles of perception?

Accepted Answer

Past experience

Answer

Proximity

Answer

Similarity

Answer

Continuity

Question 14

What is the typical duration of iconic memory?

Accepted Answer

100 milliseconds

Answer

10 milliseconds

Answer

500 milliseconds

Answer

1 second

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a theory that specifically focuses on explaining how we process and understand information?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary theory

Answer

Gestalt theory

Answer

Feature theory

Answer

Ecological theory

Question 16

Which approach to perception starts with the individual features and builds up to the whole object?

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up

Answer

Top-down

Question 17

Which of the following is not a theory of perception?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Gestalt theory

Answer

Ecological theory

Answer

Information processing theory

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a widely recognized theory of perception?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary theory

Answer

Gestalt theory

Answer

Nativist theory

Answer

Empiricist theory

Question 19

In the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model, what is the second stage of memory?

Accepted Answer

Short-term store

Answer

Sensory store

Answer

Long-term store

Answer

Encoding

Question 20

Which of the following is a commonly used approach in cognitive psychology that views the mind as a system that processes information?

Accepted Answer

Information processing

Answer

Introspection

Answer

Psychophysics

Answer

Behaviorism

Question 21

Which stage is NOT part of the three-stage model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Forgetting

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Retrieval

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main stages of the information-processing model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Comprehension

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the information-processing model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Understanding

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Question 24

According to the working memory model, which component is responsible for temporarily storing and manipulating information?

Accepted Answer

Central executive

Answer

Sensory buffer

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a top-down process in perception?

Accepted Answer

Recognising a familiar face

Answer

Detecting a faint sound

Answer

Reacting to a sudden touch

Answer

Smelling a fragrant flower

Question 26

Which theory of language acquisition emphasises the idea that humans are born with an innate ability to learn language?

Accepted Answer

Nativist theory

Answer

Behaviourism

Answer

Cognitive theory

Answer

Social learning theory

Question 27

According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, which of the following is most likely to lead to a change in behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Holding two conflicting beliefs

Answer

Experiencing a pleasant surprise

Answer

Receiving praise for bad behaviour

Answer

Being punished for good behaviour

Question 28

Which critique of Piaget's cognitive development theory highlights its underestimation of external influences?

Accepted Answer

It overlooks sociocultural factors in cognitive growth

Answer

It exaggerates the pace of children's intellectual development

Answer

It overemphasizes children's cognitive limitations

Answer

It lacks sufficient empirical support

Question 29

According to the information-processing approach, the mind can be best described as a:

Accepted Answer

Active processor of information

Answer

Storehouse of knowledge

Answer

Passive receiver of information

Answer

Generator of random thoughts

Question 30

Which of the following is a key aspect of attention?

Accepted Answer

Selectivity

Answer

Divisiveness

Answer

Emotionality

Answer

Subjectivity

Question 31

The capacity of short-term memory is generally estimated to be:

Accepted Answer

5-9 items

Answer

2-4 items

Answer

10-14 items

Answer

15-19 items

Question 32

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the preoperational stage is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Egocentric thinking

Answer

Logical reasoning

Answer

Abstract thinking

Answer

Symbolic play

Question 33

The process of retrieving information from long-term memory is known as:

Accepted Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Recognition

Question 34

The ability to apply prior knowledge and experiences to new situations is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transfer

Answer

Generalisation

Answer

Deduction

Answer

Induction

Question 35

Which component is NOT essential to the process of attention?

Accepted Answer

Data encoding

Answer

Selective focus

Answer

Sustained concentration

Answer

Resource allocation

Question 36

Which theory of language processing emphasizes its modular and autonomous nature?

Accepted Answer

Modularity theory

Answer

Cognitive grammar

Answer

Usage-based theory

Answer

Generative grammar

Question 37

What cognitive bias describes the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events based on their vividness and memorability?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Framing effect

Answer

Anchoring bias

Answer

Representative heuristic

Question 38

Which research technique is used to study the brain's electrical activity in relation to cognitive processes?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Introspection

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 39

What term describes the ability to process information rapidly and accurately?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive speed

Answer

Working memory capacity

Answer

Fluid intelligence

Answer

Crystallized intelligence

Question 40

What is the term for the tendency to recall information that aligns with our existing beliefs and expectations?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Illusion of control

Answer

Hindsight bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Question 41

Which brain region is primarily involved in higher-order cognitive functions such as planning, decision-making, and self-control?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 42

What is the cognitive construct that represents our mental store of knowledge about the world?

Accepted Answer

Schema

Answer

Script

Answer

Prototype

Answer

Heuristic

Question 43

Which of the following is a characteristic of bottom-up processing in perception?

Accepted Answer

It is data-driven and influenced by sensory input.

Answer

It is heavily influenced by expectations and prior knowledge.

Answer

It is a slower and more effortful process.

Answer

It is top-down and guided by higher-level cognitive processes.

Question 44

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a top-down processing approach to perception?

Accepted Answer

It is driven by expectations and prior knowledge.

Answer

It involves perceiving objects as a whole rather than as individual features.

Answer

It is a slow and effortful process.

Answer

It is more likely to be influenced by cultural factors.

Question 45

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, which memory store holds information for a brief duration, typically a few seconds?

Accepted Answer

Short-term store

Answer

Sensory store

Answer

Long-term store

Answer

Working memory

Question 46

Which of the following is not considered a key component of attention?

Accepted Answer

Habitual response

Answer

Selectivity

Answer

Sustained focus

Answer

Divided attention

Question 47

The Stroop effect primarily demonstrates the role of:

Accepted Answer

Inhibition

Answer

Selective attention

Answer

Working memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 48

The process of accessing information from long-term memory is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Rehearsal

Answer

Consolidation

Question 49

The theory that suggests language is a generative system capable of producing an infinite number of sentences is known as:

Accepted Answer

Generative grammar theory

Answer

Universal grammar theory

Answer

Transformational grammar theory

Answer

Competence theory

Question 50

The mental representation of a problem that we create in our minds is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

Mental model

Answer

Problem space

Answer

Schema

Answer

Script

Question 51

According to the working memory model, which component is responsible for temporarily storing and manipulating information?

Accepted Answer

Central executive

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Episodic buffer

Question 52

Which theory of language acquisition emphasizes the role of imitation and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Skinnerian theory

Answer

Nativist theory

Answer

Interactionist theory

Answer

Cognitive theory

Question 53

What is the term for the process of focusing on specific information while ignoring irrelevant distractions?

Accepted Answer

Attention

Answer

Perception

Answer

Memory

Answer

Language

Question 54

Which type of memory is responsible for storing long-term memories, such as personal experiences and knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 55

What is the name of the mental process of forming mental representations of objects or events that are not physically present?

Accepted Answer

Imagery

Answer

Language

Answer

Attention

Answer

Memory

Question 56

According to the Gestalt theory of perception, which principle describes our tendency to group similar elements together?

Accepted Answer

Similarity

Answer

Figure-ground

Answer

Proximity

Answer

Closure

Question 57

Which mental process involves using information to solve problems and make decisions?

Accepted Answer

Reasoning

Answer

Language

Answer

Memory

Answer

Perception

Question 58

Piaget's theory of cognitive development identifies which stage as being characterized by the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Answer

Preoperational stage

Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 59

Name the technique used in cognitive psychology to explore the unconscious mind by presenting ambiguous stimuli to participants?

Accepted Answer

Projective test

Answer

Free association

Answer

Hypnosis

Answer

Dream analysis

Question 60

Which of the following is a key concept in cognitive psychology related to the study of how we organize and access knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Schemas

Answer

Concepts

Answer

Scripts

Answer

Frames

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a core component of the information-processing model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Interpretation

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Storage

Question 62

According to the dual-coding theory, information is stored in memory in both:

Accepted Answer

Verbal and visual codes

Answer

Verbal and auditory codes

Answer

Visual and auditory codes

Answer

Olfactory and tactile codes

Question 63

Which of the following is a type of long-term memory that stores personal experiences?

Accepted Answer

Episodic

Answer

Semantic

Answer

Procedural

Answer

Working

Question 64

The ability to focus and maintain attention on a particular stimulus while ignoring distractions is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Selective attention

Answer

Divided attention

Answer

Sustained attention

Answer

Alternating attention