Introduction to Psychology: A Comprehensive Guide for Sixth Form Students

Question 1

Who established the first psychology laboratory in 1879, marking the beginning of experimental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sociology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanism

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sociology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Social Psychology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Psychoanalytic Psychology

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a major perspective within the field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sociology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Question 6

Which of the following is a key feature of the cognitive perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The mind's operation as an information-processing system

Answer

The role of unconscious processes in behavior

Answer

Genetics as the primary influence on behavior

Answer

The significance of social and cultural factors in behavior

Question 7

Which of the following is **not** a major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Social Work

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Humanistic Psychology

Question 8

Who is known as the 'Father of Psychology' for founding the first psychology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental perspective within the discipline of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience

Answer

Humanistic

Answer

Psychoanalytic

Answer

Cognitive

Question 10

Which perspective is NOT considered a dominant approach in modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Question 11

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Modern Psychology' for their pioneering contributions to establishing psychology as a scientific field?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Jung

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a recognized theoretical perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Quantum

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Psychodynamic

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the major perspectives in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sociology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT considered a core perspective in contemporary psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrology

Answer

Behaviourism

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 15

Which research method involves observing and recording behaviour in a real-world setting without manipulating variables?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Laboratory experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Survey

Question 16

Who is widely recognized as the founder of the field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 17

According to ethical guidelines, what principle ensures that participants in research studies are adequately informed about the study's purpose and their rights?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Fidelity

Question 18

Which hemisphere of the brain is primarily responsible for language processing and analytical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Left hemisphere

Answer

Right hemisphere

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 19

In humanistic psychology, what is considered the ultimate goal of human growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Achieving self-actualization

Answer

Reducing anxiety and depression

Answer

Gaining wealth and social status

Answer

Conforming to societal expectations

Question 20

Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent, excessive fears and avoidance behaviors that disrupt daily life?

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Depression

Answer

Bipolar disorder

Question 21

Which learning theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning

Answer

Classical conditioning

Answer

Social learning

Answer

Cognitive development

Question 22

Which psychological approach places a strong emphasis on the influence of unconscious processes and childhood experiences on personality?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Behaviourism

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Humanism

Question 23

Which of the following is a fundamental characteristic of scientific psychology?

Accepted Answer

Objectivity, empirical evidence, and replicability

Answer

Reliance on personal beliefs and subjective observations

Answer

Focus on individual experiences and case studies

Answer

Emphasis on cultural relativism and social context

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Spiritual psychology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Evolutionary psychology

Question 25

In naturalistic observation, what is the main method of collecting data?

Accepted Answer

Direct observation without interfering with the subject's behavior

Answer

Surveys

Answer

Interviews

Answer

Laboratory experiments

Question 26

According to Wilhelm Wundt, which mental process is the basic building block of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

Sensation

Answer

Perception

Answer

Emotion

Answer

Memory

Question 27

What is the primary goal of humanistic psychology?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate personal growth and fulfillment

Answer

To explore the unconscious mind

Answer

To focus on observable behavior

Answer

To develop effective treatments for mental illnesses

Question 28

Which brain imaging technique offers detailed images of both brain structure and activity?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 29

Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that egocentrism and an inability to conserve quantity are characteristics of which stage?

Accepted Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Formal operational

Question 30

Which of the following illustrates the naturalistic fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Assuming something is good because it is natural

Answer

Assuming something is harmful because it is unnatural

Answer

Observing a link between two events and concluding that one causes the other without considering alternative explanations

Answer

Using a representative sample to generalize findings to a larger population

Question 31

Which of the following is not considered a primary perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrological

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Biological

Question 32

The scientific method involves which of the following steps in order?

Accepted Answer

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, analysis

Answer

Hypothesis, experiment, analysis, observation

Answer

Experiment, observation, hypothesis, analysis

Answer

Analysis, hypothesis, experiment, observation

Question 33

Which research method allows us to observe and record behavior in its natural context?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Laboratory experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Survey

Question 34

What is the field of psychology that focuses on the development of behavior and mental processes across the lifespan?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Social psychology

Answer

Personality psychology

Question 35

Who is widely recognized as the 'father of psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 36

According to the cognitive perspective, which factor primarily influences behavior?

Accepted Answer

Mental processes

Answer

Environmental factors

Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Social factors

Question 37

Which of the following is not an ethical principle that must be followed in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Data manipulation

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Debriefing

Question 38

What term refers to the mental processes involved in thinking, understanding, and remembering?

Accepted Answer

Cognition

Answer

Emotion

Answer

Behavior

Answer

Physiology

Question 39

Which field of psychology focuses on the study of personality traits and their impact on behavior?

Accepted Answer

Personality psychology

Answer

Social psychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Abnormal psychology

Question 40

Who is renowned as the 'father of psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

Abraham Maslow

Question 41

Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of introspection and subjective experience?

Accepted Answer

Humanism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Evolutionary psychology

Question 42

Which research method involves observing and recording behaviors in their natural setting?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Survey

Question 43

The humanistic perspective in psychology places primary importance on:

Accepted Answer

Free will and personal growth

Answer

Deterministic forces shaping behavior

Answer

Unconscious motivations driving behavior

Answer

Behavioral conditioning and reinforcement

Question 44

The ultimate objective of scientific research in psychology is to:

Accepted Answer

Provide explanations for psychological phenomena

Answer

Describe observable behaviors

Answer

Predict future behaviors

Answer

Manipulate and control behaviors

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a widely recognized major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Existential perspective

Answer

Behavioral perspective

Answer

Cognitive perspective

Answer

Psychodynamic perspective

Question 46

Which aspect sets the humanistic perspective apart in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Fostering personal development and self-fulfillment

Answer

Exploring hidden motives and past experiences

Answer

Explaining behavior solely through biological influences

Answer

Denying the value of scientific methods and research

Question 47

Which of the following is **not** a major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrological

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Humanistic

Question 48

Who is widely regarded as the father of modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

William James

Answer

Carl Jung

Question 49

Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting without directly intervening?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Survey

Answer

Case study

Question 50

Which of the following is **not** a level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

Interval

Answer

Nominal

Answer

Ordinal

Answer

Continuous

Question 51

What is the fundamental distinction between a correlation and a causation?

Accepted Answer

A correlation shows that two variables are related, while a causation shows that one variable directly causes another.

Answer

A correlation shows that one variable directly causes another, while a causation shows that two variables are related.

Answer

There is no distinction between correlation and causation.

Answer

Causation is a specific type of correlation.

Question 52

What is a key distinction between qualitative and quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research focuses on numerical data while qualitative research focuses on non-numerical data.

Answer

Qualitative research focuses on numerical data while quantitative research focuses on non-numerical data.

Answer

There is no distinction between qualitative and quantitative research.

Answer

Qualitative research is more scientific than quantitative research.

Question 53

What is a primary advantage of using the naturalistic observation method in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Observation of behavior in natural settings for ecological validity

Answer

Precise control of variables for causal inferences

Answer

Detailed insights into underlying psychological processes

Answer

Rapid collection of large amounts of data

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a primary theoretical perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Psychodynamic theory

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sociology

Answer

Psychoanalytic

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanistic

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a major perspective within Psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sociology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Humanistic Psychology

Question 57

Which of the following best describes a key characteristic of the humanistic perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on the importance of the individual's unique experiences and personal growth

Answer

Focus on objective measurement and experimental research

Answer

Recognition of the influence of social and cultural factors on behavior

Answer

Use of animal studies to understand human behavior

Question 58

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the profound impact of culture on human development and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Cross-Cultural Perspective

Answer

Behavioral Perspective

Answer

Cognitive Perspective

Answer

Psychodynamic Perspective

Question 59

Which of the following best describes the humanistic perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Recognition of the uniqueness and subjective experiences of individuals

Answer

Emphasis on observable behaviors and measurable data

Answer

Focus on the role of the unconscious mind

Answer

Consideration of the impact of social and environmental factors

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a recognized major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitivism

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Question 61

Who is widely regarded as the 'father of psychology' for establishing the first psychology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Ivan Pavlov

Answer

Carl Rogers

Question 62

Which research method involves observing and recording behaviors in their natural setting without direct intervention?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Survey

Question 63

What is the primary focus of behaviorism, a major psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

Observable behaviors and environmental influences

Answer

Mental processes and subjective experiences

Answer

Unconscious drives and childhood experiences

Answer

Individual growth and self-actualization

Question 64

Which psychologist is renowned for developing the theory of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Leon Festinger

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Answer

Abraham Maslow

Answer

Carl Jung