Master Social Cognition: Quizzes and Study Guide for Sixth Form Psychology

Question 1

Based on Milgram's obedience experiments, approximately what proportion of participants obeyed instructions to administer a lethal shock?

Accepted Answer

65%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

100%

Question 2

According to the communication accommodation theory, individuals tend to:

Accepted Answer

Adjust their communication style to match that of others.

Answer

Avoid communicating with people who have different communication styles.

Answer

Develop their own unique communication style regardless of the situation.

Answer

Become more assertive in their communication style when interacting with others.

Question 3

According to social identity theory, individuals' self-concept is primarily shaped by:

Accepted Answer

Their membership in social groups

Answer

Their unique personal qualities

Answer

Their perception of others' opinions

Answer

Their cultural background

Question 4

Which of the following is a central concept in the theory of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Psychological discomfort

Answer

Attitudes

Answer

Behavioral consistency

Answer

Social norms

Question 5

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion, which route is more likely to result in a long-lasting change in attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Central route

Answer

Peripheral route

Question 6

The Milgram experiment demonstrated which of the following aspects of social influence?

Accepted Answer

Obedience

Answer

Conformity

Question 7

According to social identity theory, which of the following is a key determinant of self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Ingroup comparison

Answer

Outgroup comparison

Question 8

According to the fundamental attribution error, people tend to:

Accepted Answer

Underestimate the role of personal factors in others' behavior.

Answer

Overestimate the role of situational factors in others' behavior.

Answer

Overestimate the role of personal factors in their own behavior.

Answer

Underestimate the role of situational factors in their own behavior.

Question 9

Which of the following is a type of social influence where individuals adjust their behavior to fit in with the group?

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Compliance

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Persuasion

Question 10

The tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs is known as:

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Hindsight bias

Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Self-serving bias

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of authoritarian personalities?

Accepted Answer

Rigidity

Answer

Open-mindedness

Answer

Tolerance

Answer

Empathy

Question 12

The theory that emphasizes the role of observational learning in shaping behavior is:

Accepted Answer

Social cognitive theory

Answer

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanistic theory

Question 13

Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of social comparison?

Accepted Answer

Reduced self-esteem

Answer

Increased motivation

Answer

Improved social skills

Answer

Enhanced empathy

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

Selfishness

Answer

Empathy

Answer

Altruism

Answer

Helping others

Question 15

How does social identity primarily impact interactions between different groups?

Accepted Answer

Amplifies group distinctions and may lead to bias and discrimination

Answer

Enhances cooperation and harmony

Answer

Minimizes individual differences and prejudice

Answer

Promotes empathy and perspective-taking

Question 16

The process of making inferences about the causes of behavior is known as:

Accepted Answer

Attribution

Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Prejudice

Answer

Empathy

Question 17

Conformity occurs when:

Accepted Answer

An individual changes their behavior or beliefs to match those of a group

Answer

An individual resists the influence of a group

Answer

An individual adopts the beliefs of a group without changing their behavior

Answer

An individual experiences a sense of belonging to a group

Question 18

The process of explaining the behaviour of others by attributing it to internal or external factors is known as:

Accepted Answer

Attribution

Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Self-serving bias

Question 19

The tendency to align one's behaviour and beliefs with those of a group, even when they differ from personal opinions, is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Compliance

Answer

Groupthink

Question 20

The three main components of attitudes are:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive, affective, behavioural

Answer

Physiological, mental, emotional

Answer

Internal, external, environmental

Answer

Attitude, belief, value

Question 21

The tendency to attribute our own successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors is known as:

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Actor-observer bias

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 22

How does social cognition contribute to our understanding of how people develop social skills over time?

Accepted Answer

It helps explain how social skills develop throughout life.

Answer

It can accurately predict adult social behavior based on childhood experiences.

Answer

Social cognition has no significant relationship with developmental psychology.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a key concept studied in social cognition?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Perception

Answer

Attribution

Answer

Conformity

Question 24

According to the fundamental attribution error, we tend to:

Accepted Answer

Underestimate the influence of situational factors on others' behavior.

Answer

Overestimate the influence of situational factors on others' behavior.

Answer

Overestimate the influence of personality factors on our own behavior.

Answer

Underestimate the influence of personality factors on our own behavior.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of an implicit attitude?

Accepted Answer

Unconsciously associating positive words with a particular social group.

Answer

Consciously stating that you believe in equality.

Answer

Deliberately avoiding contact with people from a certain culture.

Answer

Openly expressing prejudice towards a specific race.

Question 26

The belief that a particular group is inferior and deserves less favorable treatment is known as:

Accepted Answer

Prejudice

Answer

Stereotype

Answer

Discrimination

Answer

Racism

Question 27

The tendency to attribute our own behavior to internal factors and others' behavior to external factors is known as:

Accepted Answer

The actor-observer bias

Answer

The self-serving bias

Answer

The fundamental attribution error

Answer

The confirmation bias

Question 28

The belief that a particular behavior is normal or appropriate within a specific cultural context is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social norm

Answer

Cultural script

Answer

Social role

Answer

Cognitive schema

Question 29

The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors, such as their personality or beliefs, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Actor-observer bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 30

The tendency to conform to group norms, even when one's own beliefs differ, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Compliance

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Groupthink

Question 31

Milgram's obedience experiments primarily aimed to demonstrate that:

Accepted Answer

People are more inclined to obey authority figures, even when the task is harmful.

Answer

People are more likely to disobey authority figures when the task is perceived as immoral.

Answer

Obedience is solely determined by personality traits.

Answer

Social influence is the strongest determinant of human behavior.

Question 32

The tendency to selectively interpret information in a way that confirms our existing beliefs is known as:

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Hindsight bias

Answer

Social desirability bias

Answer

Salience bias

Question 33

Which type of bias refers to the tendency to attribute our own behavior to external factors while attributing others' behavior to internal factors?

Accepted Answer

Actor-observer bias

Answer

The fundamental attribution error

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 34

Which of the following is a key characteristic of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

It typically involves negative attitudes and beliefs

Answer

It is based on rational and objective information

Answer

It is easy to change once formed

Answer

It is beneficial for society

Question 35

What is the main motivation behind the tendency to conform to group norms?

Accepted Answer

Normative influence (desire to fit in and be accepted)

Answer

Informational influence (seeking accurate information from others)

Answer

Cognitive dissonance (reducing discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs)

Answer

Social comparison (evaluating ourselves in relation to others)

Question 36

According to the Milgram experiment, what is a potential consequence of blind obedience to authority?

Accepted Answer

Reduced feelings of guilt and responsibility

Answer

Increased self-confidence and self-esteem

Answer

Enhanced creativity and innovation

Answer

Improved interpersonal relationships

Question 37

What is the term for the overgeneralized and often inaccurate beliefs about a group of people?

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes

Answer

Prototypes

Answer

Social norms

Answer

Cognitive schemas

Question 38

Which strategy has been shown to be effective in reducing prejudice and promoting intergroup harmony?

Accepted Answer

Creating opportunities for positive intergroup contact

Answer

Punishing individuals for displaying prejudice

Answer

Educating people about the dangers of prejudice

Answer

Enforcing strict laws against discrimination

Question 39

What cognitive bias describes the tendency to seek out and interpret information that confirms our existing beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Motivated reasoning

Answer

Hindsight bias

Question 40

What is the process by which individuals learn and adopt the beliefs, values, and norms of their culture and society?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Attribution

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a component of attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Physiological

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Affective

Answer

Behavioral

Question 42

The process by which people conform to the opinions or behaviors of others because they believe it will result in positive outcomes or avoid negative consequences is known as:

Accepted Answer

Compliance

Answer

Internalization

Answer

Identification

Answer

Conversion

Question 43

The tendency to categorize people into distinct groups based on shared characteristics, often leading to overgeneralizations and simplifications, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Categorization

Answer

Essentialism

Answer

In-group bias

Question 44

The illusion of control is the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

Overestimate our influence on events

Answer

Underestimate the role of chance

Answer

Attribute our successes to internal factors

Answer

Attribute our failures to external factors

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-verbal communication?

Accepted Answer

Written language

Answer

Facial expressions

Answer

Eye contact

Answer

Body language

Question 46

The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to external, situational causes, such as the environment or social norms, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Situational attribution

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Dispositional attribution

Question 47

The tendency to obey a direct command or instruction, even if it goes against one's own beliefs or morals, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Obedience

Answer

Conformity

Answer

Compliance

Answer

Social facilitation

Question 48

Which of the following is a characteristic of implicit attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Automatic and unconscious

Answer

Explicit and conscious

Answer

Learned through experience

Answer

Resistant to change

Question 49

The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to situational factors, such as the environment or social norms, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Situational attribution

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Actor-observer bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Question 50

The process by which individuals develop expectations and beliefs about the behavior of others based on their social roles or group membership is known as:

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Attribution

Answer

Social cognition

Answer

Impression management