The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Communication

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Communication between body parts

Answer

Regulation of bodily functions

Answer

Sensation and perception

Question 2

The neuron, as the basic functional unit of the nervous system, is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Receiving, processing, and transmitting information

Answer

Providing physical support and insulation to neurons

Answer

Manufacturing neurotransmitters

Answer

Cleaning up waste products in the nervous system

Question 3

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in:

Accepted Answer

Muscle contractions

Answer

Memory formation

Answer

Mood regulation

Answer

Pain perception

Question 4

Oligodendrocytes are a type of neuroglia that:

Accepted Answer

Provide structural support and insulation to neurons in the central nervous system

Answer

Phagocytose pathogens and debris in the nervous system

Answer

Produce and release hormones that regulate brain function

Answer

Transmit electrical signals along axons

Question 5

The spinal cord primarily serves as a conduit for:

Accepted Answer

Sensory and motor information between the brain and the body

Answer

Higher cognitive functions

Answer

Emotional processing

Answer

Visceral control

Question 6

The autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for regulating:

Accepted Answer

Involuntary functions of internal organs

Answer

Voluntary muscle movements

Answer

Cognitive processes

Answer

Sensory perception

Question 7

Parkinson's disease is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Neurodegenerative disease

Answer

Mood disorder

Answer

Cerebrovascular accident

Answer

Dementia

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Storing long-term memories

Answer

Receiving and processing sensory information

Answer

Controlling muscle movement

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 9

The junction where neurons communicate by releasing and receiving chemical messengers is called the:

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon terminal

Answer

Soma

Question 10

Which of the following is not a type of neuron based on structural characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Question 11

What is the term for the process by which neurons communicate across a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic transmission

Answer

Depolarization

Answer

Hyperpolarization

Answer

Action potential propagation

Question 12

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 13

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To prepare the body for 'fight or flight' responses

Answer

To regulate digestion and relaxation

Answer

To control voluntary muscle movement

Answer

To process sensory information

Question 14

Which neuroimaging technique measures brain activity by detecting electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 15

Which neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by difficulties with attention and focus?

Accepted Answer

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Schizophrenia

Question 16

What is the gap between two neurons called?

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Axon terminal

Answer

Dendritic spine

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 17

What is the primary function of the cell body of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Receiving and integrating signals

Answer

Conducting signals

Answer

Insulating the axon

Answer

Releasing neurotransmitters

Question 18

Which part of a neuron is insulated by myelin?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Nucleus

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a glial cell?

Accepted Answer

Neurons

Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Schwann cells

Question 20

What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the brain from harmful substances

Answer

Regulating blood flow to the brain

Answer

Transmitting signals between neurons

Answer

Producing neurotransmitters

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Brain

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 22

Which part of the neuron transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Soma

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 23

What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To transmit chemical signals between neurons

Answer

To insulate neurons and speed up electrical impulses

Answer

To regulate blood sugar levels

Answer

To produce and release hormones

Question 24

Which of the following is not a type of intercellular junction in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Answer

Chemical synapse

Answer

Electrical synapse

Answer

Gap junction

Question 25

What is the main function of the myelin sheath surrounding the axons of neurons?

Accepted Answer

To increase the speed and efficiency of electrical impulse transmission

Answer

To protect the axon from physical damage

Answer

To release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Answer

To regulate the flow of ions across the neuronal membrane

Question 26

Which area of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 27

What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To regulate involuntary bodily functions such as breathing and digestion

Answer

To control voluntary muscle movements

Answer

To transmit sensory information to the brain

Answer

To control hormone secretion

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure, reward, and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Question 29

Which of the following is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Tremors

Answer

Memory loss

Answer

Hallucinations

Answer

Increased heart rate

Question 30

What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

To prevent harmful substances in the blood from entering the brain

Answer

To regulate the pH and ion composition of the brain

Answer

To transport nutrients and oxygen to the brain

Answer

To release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Question 31

Which of the following is not a type of neuron?

Accepted Answer

Hormonal neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Question 32

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Insulates axons, increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Answer

Transmits nerve impulses

Answer

Produces neurotransmitters

Answer

Initiates action potentials

Question 33

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with mood regulation and sleep cycles?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 34

What is the approximate resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

-70mV

Answer

-60mV

Answer

-80mV

Answer

-90mV

Question 35

Which part of the neuron receives signals from other cells?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon

Answer

Soma

Answer

Synapse

Question 36

What is the process by which a neuron transmits an electrical signal?

Accepted Answer

Action potential

Answer

Depolarisation

Answer

Hyperpolarisation

Answer

Synaptic transmission

Question 37

Which of the following is not a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Hormonal regulation

Answer

Sensation

Answer

Motor control

Answer

Cognition

Question 38

Which neurotransmitter plays a crucial role in movement and reward pathways?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 39

What is the purpose of the synaptic cleft in neuronal communication?

Accepted Answer

Contains neurotransmitters

Answer

Transmits electrical signals

Answer

Initiates action potentials

Answer

Insulates neurons

Question 40

Describe the hierarchical structure of the nervous system, beginning with the basic units and ending with the intricate connections within the brain.

Accepted Answer

Neuron, synapse, neural network, brain

Answer

Brain, neural network, synapse, neuron

Answer

Synapse, neuron, brain, neural network

Answer

Neural network, neuron, synapse, brain

Question 41

Which of the following is the fundamental functional unit of the nervous system responsible for processing and transmitting information?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Neurotransmitter

Question 42

The specialized junction where communication between neurons takes place, allowing the transfer of electrical or chemical signals, is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Axon

Question 43

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily associated with feelings of reward, pleasure, and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 44

The part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons, typically through dendrites, is the:

Accepted Answer

Cell body

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Synaptic cleft

Answer

Axon

Question 45

The primary role of the spinal cord is to:

Accepted Answer

Transmit sensory and motor information between the brain and the rest of the body

Answer

Control vital involuntary functions such as breathing and heartbeat

Answer

Process and interpret sensory information

Question 46

Which region of the brain is responsible for coordination, balance, and motor skills?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebrum

Question 47

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing, is called the:

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Question 48

Which of the following cells in the nervous system is specialized in detecting and responding to specific stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptor

Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Question 49

The process by which neurons release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft to communicate with other neurons is known as:

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmission

Answer

Action potential

Answer

Synaptic integration

Question 50

Which of the following is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by memory loss, impaired judgment, and changes in personality?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Epilepsy

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Schizophrenia