Workplace Psychology: Boosting Employee Performance and Well-being

Question 1

What sets transformational leaders apart from other leadership styles?

Accepted Answer

Motivating followers to exceed their own limits

Answer

Maintaining current practices and avoiding change

Answer

Supervising followers closely and controlling their every move

Answer

Avoiding risks and delaying decisions

Question 2

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of industrial-organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

Applying psychological theories to optimize workplace practices

Answer

Solely focusing on individual characteristics

Answer

Disregarding the significance of the organizational environment

Answer

Treating employees as interchangeable entities

Question 3

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory suggests that which type of factors directly contribute to job satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Motivator factors (e.g., challenging work, recognition, growth opportunities)

Answer

Hygiene factors (e.g., salary, benefits, work environment)

Question 4

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory proposes that individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, ranging from:

Accepted Answer

Physiological to self-actualization

Answer

Social to safety

Answer

Esteem to belongingness

Answer

Safety to love

Question 5

The term 'psychological contract' refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Unwritten expectations and obligations between an employee and their organization

Answer

Written agreement between an employee and their organization

Answer

Formal contract that outlines employment terms and conditions

Answer

Informal understanding between employees about their roles and responsibilities

Question 6

Which leadership style involves a high level of control and direction, with clear instructions and limited input from team members?

Accepted Answer

Autocratic

Answer

Democratic

Answer

Laissez-faire

Answer

Transformational

Question 7

In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need is considered the most fundamental and has the greatest influence on employee motivation?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Social needs

Answer

Esteem needs

Answer

Self-actualization needs

Question 8

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, which factor is associated with job satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Motivators

Answer

Hygiene factors

Answer

Equity

Answer

Expectancy

Question 9

Which of these methods is used to evaluate employee performance?

Accepted Answer

Performance appraisal

Answer

Personality test

Answer

Situational judgment test

Answer

Structured interview

Question 10

What is the role of ergonomics in industrial organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

To design workplaces and equipment for employee comfort and productivity

Answer

To assess employee stress

Answer

To improve employee communication

Answer

To reduce absenteeism

Question 11

What is the central purpose of a performance management system?

Accepted Answer

To establish performance goals and provide feedback

Answer

To reward high performers

Answer

To identify areas for improvement

Answer

To dismiss poor performers

Question 12

Which of the following is a primary objective of industrial organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

Optimizing employee performance and well-being

Answer

Improving organizational culture and structure

Answer

Reducing workplace conflicts and absenteeism

Answer

Increasing employee turnover and reducing costs

Question 13

What is the role of ergonomics in industrial organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

Designing workplaces and tasks to optimize comfort, efficiency, and safety

Answer

Selecting and training employees for specific roles and responsibilities

Answer

Developing and implementing performance management systems

Answer

Measuring and evaluating employee well-being

Question 14

What is the concept of "flow" in the context of industrial organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

A state of optimal performance, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation

Answer

A feeling of anxiety and stress related to work and deadlines

Answer

A stage in employee development characterized by high levels of turnover

Answer

A method for improving employee motivation through rewards and recognition

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of a 'psychometric assessment' in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

To measure underlying psychological traits and abilities

Answer

To predict employee performance

Answer

To evaluate employee attitudes

Answer

To identify training needs

Question 16

What is the main purpose of 'organizational development'?

Accepted Answer

To improve organizational effectiveness and performance

Answer

To enhance employee satisfaction

Answer

To reduce operational costs

Answer

To increase market share

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective employee training?

Accepted Answer

Increased absenteeism

Answer

Increased job performance

Answer

Reduced employee turnover

Answer

Improved employee morale

Question 18

Which of the following is the 'Meyer and Allen' model of organizational commitment?

Accepted Answer

A three-component model consisting of affective, continuance, and normative commitment

Answer

A two-component model consisting of emotional and rational commitment

Answer

A four-component model consisting of psychological, social, moral, and contractual commitment

Answer

A five-component model consisting of cognitive, behavioral, affective, normative, and moral commitment

Question 19

To foster a workplace culture that encourages innovation and creativity, which strategy is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging a culture of risk-taking and experimentation

Answer

Establishing a competitive and hierarchical work environment

Answer

Implementing a rigid and highly structured work system

Question 20

Which theory in I-O Psychology proposes that employee satisfaction is driven by factors like salary, status, and work environment?

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Answer

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Answer

Vroom's Expectancy Theory

Answer

Adams' Equity Theory

Question 21

Which of the following is not considered a type of job stressor?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Answer

Role conflict

Answer

Workload overload

Answer

Physical hazards

Question 22

What is the primary role of diversity in I-O Psychology?

Accepted Answer

Promoting equity and inclusivity in the workplace

Answer

Improving employee well-being

Answer

Increasing organizational creativity

Answer

Reducing employee turnover

Question 23

What is the key difference between job satisfaction and organizational commitment?

Accepted Answer

Job satisfaction pertains to the present job, while organizational commitment encompasses the organization as a whole

Answer

Organizational commitment pertains to the present job, while job satisfaction encompasses the organization as a whole

Answer

There is no distinction between job satisfaction and organizational commitment

Answer

Job satisfaction is a more stable measure than organizational commitment

Question 24

Which of the following is **not** a primary objective of Industrial Organizational Psychology?

Accepted Answer

Maximizing shareholder profits

Answer

Optimizing employee performance

Answer

Ensuring employee well-being

Answer

Understanding organizational effectiveness

Question 25

Which leadership style emphasizes empowering employees and shared decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Democratic leadership

Answer

Transformational leadership

Answer

Situational leadership

Answer

Servant leadership

Question 26

According to which theory are employees motivated by the fulfillment of unmet needs?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Answer

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Answer

Vroom's Expectancy Theory

Answer

Adams' Equity Theory

Question 27

What is the main purpose of conducting a job analysis?

Accepted Answer

To determine the specific tasks and responsibilities associated with a particular job role

Answer

To evaluate the performance of employees

Answer

To design training programs for employees

Answer

To assess the organizational structure

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a key goal of industrial-organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

Suppressing employee creativity

Answer

Optimizing employee performance

Answer

Improving employee well-being

Answer

Increasing organizational productivity

Question 29

What is the primary goal of training and development in an organization?

Accepted Answer

To enhance employee knowledge and skills

Answer

To maximize employee productivity

Answer

To increase employee motivation

Answer

To minimize employee turnover

Question 30

What is the primary goal of job analysis in industrial-organizational psychology?

Accepted Answer

To collect comprehensive information about job tasks and responsibilities

Answer

To assess employee performance

Answer

To develop training programs tailored to specific job requirements

Answer

To measure employee satisfaction levels

Question 31

Which of the following is a potential advantage of utilizing personality tests in employee selection?

Accepted Answer

Improved prediction of job performance

Answer

Reduced hiring costs

Answer

Enhanced employee morale

Answer

Increased diversity in the workforce

Question 32

What is the overarching objective of organizational development (OD)?

Accepted Answer

To increase organizational effectiveness

Answer

To boost employee motivation

Answer

To reduce employee stress levels

Answer

To enhance internal communication

Question 33

Which type of organizational structure is most commonly found in small, entrepreneurial companies?

Accepted Answer

Flat structure

Answer

Functional structure

Answer

Divisional structure

Answer

Matrix structure

Question 34

What is the term for the phenomenon where employees tend to perform better when they know they are being observed?

Accepted Answer

Hawthorne effect

Answer

Pygmalion effect

Answer

Halo effect

Answer

Observer effect

Question 35

What is the fundamental difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal factors, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards

Answer

Extrinsic motivation is more sustainable than intrinsic motivation

Answer

Intrinsic motivation is only found in creative fields

Answer

Extrinsic motivation always involves financial incentives

Question 36

How does research suggest employee engagement influences organizational performance?

Accepted Answer

Strongly and positively correlated with

Answer

No impact

Answer

Solely results from

Answer

Negatively impacts

Question 37

Which leadership style is characterized by a high concern for both task achievement and interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

Transformational leadership

Answer

Transactional leadership

Answer

Autocratic leadership

Answer

Laissez-faire leadership

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a characteristic of a positive organizational culture?

Accepted Answer

Rigid hierarchy

Answer

Open communication

Answer

Strong ethical values

Answer

High levels of trust

Question 39

Which method is commonly used to gauge employee satisfaction levels?

Accepted Answer

Employee surveys

Answer

Performance evaluations

Answer

Personality tests

Answer

Skill assessments

Question 40

What is the primary focus of the concept of 'employee engagement'?

Accepted Answer

Employees' emotional commitment to their work and the organization

Answer

Employees' satisfaction with compensation and benefits

Answer

Employees' technical skills and competencies

Answer

Employees' commitment to working long hours

Question 41

Which of the following factors can potentially hinder employee motivation?

Accepted Answer

Unclear job expectations

Answer

High job autonomy

Answer

Opportunities for professional growth

Answer

Competitive compensation

Question 42

The Hawthorne Studies conducted in the early 20th century highlighted the significance of:

Accepted Answer

Human relations and social dynamics in the workplace

Answer

Scientific management principles

Answer

Personality testing in employee selection

Answer

Monetary incentives as the primary motivator

Question 43

Which concept is NOT central to Industrial Organizational Psychology?

Accepted Answer

Attachment Theory

Answer

Organizational Culture

Answer

Leadership

Answer

Motivation

Question 44

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of these needs is fundamental and essential for survival?

Accepted Answer

Physiological Needs

Answer

Esteem Needs

Answer

Safety Needs

Answer

Self-Actualization Needs

Question 45

Autocratic Leadership is a style characterized by:

Accepted Answer

High directiveness and low participativeness

Answer

Laissez-Faire approach

Answer

High participativeness and low directiveness

Answer

Democratic decision-making

Question 46

Organizational culture is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

Shared values, beliefs, and norms within an organization

Answer

Number of employees

Answer

Physical work environment

Question 47

Which method is commonly used to measure job satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Employee surveys

Answer

360-degree feedback

Answer

Exit interviews

Answer

Performance reviews

Question 48

Ergonomics focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Designing workspaces for employee comfort and productivity

Answer

Organizational communication and culture

Answer

Employee motivation and performance

Question 49

A potential benefit of workplace diversity is:

Accepted Answer

Increased innovation and creativity

Answer

Increased absenteeism

Answer

Reduced productivity

Answer

Higher employee turnover

Question 50

The process of finding and choosing the most suitable candidates for a role is known as:

Accepted Answer

Recruitment and selection

Answer

Employee training and development

Answer

Performance management

Answer

Compensation and benefits

Question 51

An ethical consideration in Industrial Organizational Psychology includes:

Accepted Answer

Preserving the confidentiality of employee information

Answer

Using deception in research

Answer

Plagiarism in research

Question 52

Industrial Organizational Psychology primarily aims to:

Accepted Answer

Understand and enhance the workplace environment

Answer

Conduct psychological experiments

Answer

Provide therapy services

Answer

Treat mental health conditions