Cells and Organisation: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Year 8 Science

Question 1

In a plant cell, which organelle is responsible for managing the cell's activities and stores its genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Vacuole

Question 2

What is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?

Accepted Answer

Assembling amino acids into proteins

Answer

Storing genetic material

Answer

Providing energy for the cell

Answer

Transporting materials around the cell

Question 3

Explain the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell, and describe how its structure supports this function.

Accepted Answer

The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins into vesicles for secretion, and forms lysosomes.

Answer

The Golgi apparatus carries out photosynthesis in plant cells.

Answer

The Golgi apparatus generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration.

Answer

The Golgi apparatus stores genetic information and controls cell division.

Question 4

What is the structure and function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A network of protein fibres that gives cells their shape, supports organelles, and aids in cell movement and division.

Answer

A membrane-bound organelle that stores genetic information and controls cell activities.

Answer

A protective barrier that surrounds the cell.

Answer

Only found in plant cells.

Question 5

How does cell division contribute to the repair of damaged body tissues?

Accepted Answer

Replaces damaged cells, restoring tissue function

Answer

Increases the size of body tissues

Answer

Supports the immune system in fighting infections

Answer

Creates specialized cells for various functions

Question 6

Mitosis and meiosis are two distinct processes of cell division. Describe the key stages and events of each process, explaining their purpose and significance in growth, repair, and reproduction.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis produces four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis plays a vital role in growth and repair, while meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction.

Answer

Both mitosis and meiosis result in genetically identical daughter cells.

Answer

Mitosis involves two distinct rounds of division, while meiosis involves only one round.

Question 7

Which technique provides the clearest view of the fine details within a mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Answer

Light microscopy

Answer

Cell fractionation

Question 8

What molecule is the main energy source for cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

ADP

Answer

NADH

Answer

Glucose

Question 9

How does a cell typically respond when it receives a chemical signal from outside?

Accepted Answer

The signal binds to a receptor on the cell surface, triggering a chain of events inside the cell.

Answer

The signal enters the cell and changes the DNA in the nucleus.

Answer

The cell sends the signal through the bloodstream to other cells in the body.

Answer

The cell ignores the signal because it doesn't have receptors for it.

Question 10

What is the main idea of cell differentiation? How does it contribute to the development of specialized tissues?

Accepted Answer

Cell differentiation involves a cell changing over time to become more specialized.

Answer

Cell differentiation only occurs in embryonic cells.

Answer

Differentiated cells are all identical and perform the same function.

Answer

Cell division is required for cell differentiation to occur.

Question 11

What is the main purpose of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

They help cells stick to the material outside the cell.

Answer

They control when cells divide.

Answer

They let things move in and out of the cell.

Question 12

Identify the organelle which is specifically present in plant cells, but not in animal cells.

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 13

What is the primary function of ribosomes within cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Transport of materials

Question 14

During which stage of cell division do the chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

Which of the provided options is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Distinct nucleus

Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 16

Where does cellular respiration primarily occur within cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 17

Which cell type lacks a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Animal cell

Answer

Plant cell

Answer

Bacterial cell

Answer

Fungal cell

Question 18

What is the nucleolus primarily responsible for within cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome synthesis

Answer

Protein production

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Energy production

Question 19

What is the term for the process by which cells divide to create new cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 20

Eukaryotic cells do not have a:

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 21

Which organelle is responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 22

What is the molecule that carries genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 23

Which type of microscope is used to view the fine details of cells and their organelles?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscope

Answer

Light microscope

Answer

Scanning probe microscope

Answer

Compound microscope

Question 24

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Answer

Regulation of cell division

Answer

Transport of substances

Question 25

Which organelle produces energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 26

What is the main role of the nucleus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Storing and controlling genetic material

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Producing proteins

Answer

Removing waste products

Question 27

Which type of cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 28

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating what enters and exits the cell

Answer

Storing genetic material

Answer

Producing proteins

Answer

Generating energy

Question 29

Who is credited with first discovering cells?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Question 30

What is the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Energy storage

Answer

Waste disposal

Answer

Genetic material storage

Question 31

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Vacuole

Question 32

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying and packaging molecules

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Waste removal

Question 33

Which process allows cells to take in nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT an organelle found in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleolus

Question 35

The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells is called:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Budding

Answer

Binary fission

Question 36

Which of the following is the membrane-bound organelle responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 37

The process by which cells use oxygen to break down glucose for energy is called:

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fermentation

Question 38

The cell cycle is a series of events that leads to:

Accepted Answer

Cell growth and reproduction

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 39

The function of chromosomes is to:

Accepted Answer

Carry genetic information

Answer

Produce proteins

Answer

Carry out photosynthesis

Answer

Provide energy for cells

Question 40

Define the primary function of the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To produce energy

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Question 41

Identify the organelle responsible for cellular respiration, the process of energy production.

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 42

What is the fundamental unit of all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Tissue

Question 43

Classify the following type of transport across cell membranes: diffusion.

Accepted Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 44

Describe the primary role of enzymes within cells.

Accepted Answer

To accelerate chemical reactions

Answer

To slow down chemical reactions

Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To produce energy

Question 45

Which organelle is responsible for creating proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Question 46

What substance fills the inside of a cell like a jelly?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Vacuole

Question 47

What type of cell division creates reproductive cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 48

What is the cell membrane's primary function?

Accepted Answer

Controlling movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Producing proteins

Answer

Providing energy for the cell

Question 49

What structure separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 50

Which cell part holds the cell's genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 51

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Generating new cells for growth and repair

Answer

Producing reproductive cells

Answer

Reducing chromosome count in a cell

Answer

Enlarging the cell

Question 52

Which function is NOT performed by the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate synthesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Removing harmful substances

Question 53

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes don't.

Answer

Prokaryotes have a nucleus, while eukaryotes don't.

Answer

Prokaryotes have a cell membrane, while eukaryotes don't.

Answer

Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes don't.

Question 54

Which organelle is responsible for making proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Vacuole

Question 55

What is the main job of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To control what enters and leaves the cell

Answer

To produce energy for the cell

Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To make proteins

Question 56

Which type of cell division helps us grow and repair our bodies?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 57

What is the name of the genetic material found in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 58

What is the main role of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

To change and package proteins

Answer

To make DNA

Answer

To carry oxygen around the cell

Answer

To break down waste products

Question 59

What is cell potency? How does it relate to the ability of stem cells to transform into various cell types?

Accepted Answer

Cell potency is the potential of stem cells to develop into different cell types.

Answer

Cell potency is the ability of stem cells to divide and create more stem cells.

Answer

Cell potency is the ability of stem cells to repair damaged tissue.

Question 60

The immune system helps protect the body from pathogens. Which of the following statements best describes the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes specific pathogens and provides long-term immunity.

Accepted Answer

It is slower than the innate immune response but provides more effective protection.

Answer

It is activated immediately and provides a broad defense against pathogens.

Answer

It acts independently of the innate immune response.

Question 61

Which part of the plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Question 62

During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 63

What is the primary function of the cell membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Answer

Stores genetic material

Answer

Produces energy for the cell

Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a method of passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion