Reproduction in Plants and Animals: A Comprehensive Guide for Year 8 Science

Question 1

Which of these is NOT a method of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Budding

Answer

Fragmentation

Question 2

In cases of incomplete dominance, which of the following is NOT observed?

Accepted Answer

The phenotype of heterozygotes is a complete mix of the homozygous phenotypes

Answer

Heterozygotes exhibit a phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes

Answer

Homozygous individuals display distinct and non-blended phenotypes

Answer

Incomplete dominance involves interactions between different alleles of a gene

Question 3

Sexual selection favors traits that enhance an individual's chances of attracting a mate. Which of the following is NOT an example of a trait that could be influenced by sexual selection?

Accepted Answer

Effective camouflage

Answer

Elaborate courtship rituals

Answer

Distinctive coloration

Answer

Increased body size

Question 4

How do environmental factors affect the reproductive success of organisms?

Accepted Answer

Factors like temperature, light, and water availability influence breeding cycles, nesting sites, and resources for offspring.

Answer

Environmental factors only affect plant reproduction, not animal reproduction.

Answer

Reproductive success is determined solely by genetics.

Answer

Environmental factors have no influence on the reproductive success of organisms.

Question 5

Why might people choose to use in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

Accepted Answer

To help couples who have trouble having children naturally.

Answer

To choose the gender of their baby.

Answer

To lower the chance of having more than one baby at a time.

Answer

Because it is a natural process.

Question 6

How does the inheritance of complex traits, such as human height, differ from the inheritance of simple Mendelian traits, such as eye color?

Accepted Answer

Complex traits are influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors, while Mendelian traits are solely determined by genetics.

Answer

Complex traits are determined by a single gene, while Mendelian traits are influenced by multiple genes.

Answer

Complex traits have distinct dominant and recessive alleles, while Mendelian traits exhibit a range of variations.

Answer

The inheritance of complex traits is more predictable than the inheritance of Mendelian traits.

Question 7

How do environmental factors like temperature or nutrition impact gene expression and contribute to differences among individuals in a population?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors can influence gene expression, leading to variations in protein production and, consequently, phenotypic variation.

Answer

Environmental factors have no effect on gene expression or phenotypic variation.

Answer

Environmental factors directly affect phenotypic variation without influencing gene expression.

Answer

Phenotypic variation is solely determined by genetic factors, with no influence from environmental factors.

Question 8

How does a recessive allele influence an organism's observable characteristics (phenotype)?

Accepted Answer

A recessive allele affects the phenotype only when an organism has two copies of it.

Answer

A recessive allele is always visible in the phenotype.

Answer

A recessive allele is a stronger form of a dominant allele.

Question 9

The use of genetic engineering and reproductive technologies has many ethical and societal implications. Discuss the potential benefits and risks associated with these advancements.

Accepted Answer

The use of genetic engineering and reproductive technologies should be subject to strict ethical guidelines and regulations.

Answer

Genetic engineering and reproductive technologies have only benefits and no risks.

Answer

Genetic engineering and reproductive technologies should be banned because they are unethical.

Answer

The use of genetic engineering and reproductive technologies should be strictly limited to medical purposes.

Question 10

Which hormones are essential for maintaining a pregnancy and preventing early labor?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen and progesterone help the uterus and stop early contractions.

Answer

Testosterone helps the fetus grow and the body prepare for birth.

Answer

Insulin controls blood sugar for the mother and fetus.

Question 11

How do mammals typically reproduce and nurture their offspring?

Accepted Answer

Internal fertilization, significant parental care

Answer

Internal fertilization, minimal parental care

Answer

External fertilization, significant parental care

Answer

External fertilization, minimal parental care

Question 12

What is the name of the male gamete (sex cell) in animals?

Accepted Answer

Sperm

Answer

Egg

Answer

Ovum

Answer

Embryo

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system in humans?

Accepted Answer

Testes

Answer

Ovary

Answer

Cervix

Answer

Uterus

Question 14

What is the process by which genetic material is transferred from parents to offspring called?

Accepted Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Evolution

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Meiosis

Question 15

Which of the following is a key advantage of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Creates genetic diversity

Answer

Produces more offspring than asexual reproduction

Answer

Produces genetically identical offspring

Answer

Requires only one parent

Question 16

Which of the following animals exhibits parthenogenesis, where offspring develop from unfertilized eggs?

Accepted Answer

Aphids

Answer

Birds

Answer

Mammals

Answer

Reptiles

Question 17

What is the primary function of pollen in flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

To transport male gametes (sperm)

Answer

To attract pollinators

Answer

To provide nutrients for the developing embryo

Answer

To protect the flower from pests

Question 18

What is the term for the branch of biology that studies inheritance and variation?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Cytology

Answer

Ecology

Answer

Anatomy

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Offspring are genetically identical to the parent

Answer

Involves the fusion of gametes

Answer

Results in genetic variation

Answer

Occurs only in plants

Question 20

What is the purpose of pollination in sexual reproduction in plants?

Accepted Answer

To transfer pollen grains from the anther to the stigma

Answer

To produce the egg cell

Answer

To fertilize the ovule

Answer

To disperse seeds

Question 21

Which of the following organisms reproduces asexually by budding?

Accepted Answer

Hydra

Answer

Starfish

Answer

Earthworm

Answer

Jellyfish

Question 22

What is the genetic material that is inherited from parents to offspring?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Gene

Question 23

Which of the following traits is determined by a recessive allele?

Accepted Answer

Blue eyes

Answer

Brown eyes

Answer

Tall height

Answer

Curly hair

Question 24

What is the main function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

To create genetically diverse gametes

Answer

To reduce the number of chromosomes in half

Answer

To produce new body cells

Answer

To repair damaged DNA

Question 25

What is the process by which new species are formed called?

Accepted Answer

Speciation

Answer

Evolution

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Natural selection

Question 26

Which of the following is **not** a method of asexual reproduction in plants?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Runners

Answer

Spores

Answer

Bulbs

Question 27

What is the main role of chromosomes in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

To carry genetic information

Answer

To control cell division

Answer

To produce energy

Answer

To store food

Question 28

What is the primary function of the ovary in female mammals?

Accepted Answer

To store eggs

Answer

To produce hormones

Answer

To fertilize eggs

Answer

To implant fertilized eggs

Question 29

Which of the following is **not** a characteristic of viviparous animals?

Accepted Answer

They lay eggs

Answer

They give birth to live young

Answer

They provide parental care

Answer

They have a long gestation period

Question 30

In the life cycle of a fern, the stage where gametes are produced is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Gametophyte

Answer

Sporophyte

Answer

Zygote

Answer

Embryo

Question 31

Haploid cells are produced by which type of cell division?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 32

The process by which genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next is called:

Accepted Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Reproduction

Answer

Evolution

Answer

Adaptation

Question 33

A change in the DNA of an organism is called a:

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

Variation

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Inheritance

Question 34

Which part of a flowering plant produces pollen?

Accepted Answer

Stamen

Answer

Pistil

Answer

Ovary

Answer

Petal

Question 35

Identify the option that is not an example of asexual reproduction.

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction

Answer

Budding

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Fragmentation

Question 36

What term specifically refers to the male reproductive cell?

Accepted Answer

Sperm

Answer

Egg

Answer

Ovum

Answer

Zygote

Question 37

What is the term for the process where pollen grains move from the stamen to the pistil?

Accepted Answer

Pollination

Answer

Fertilisation

Answer

Germination

Answer

Reproduction

Question 38

What is the process where an egg develops into a new individual without fertilisation?

Accepted Answer

Parthenogenesis

Answer

Asexual reproduction

Answer

Sexual reproduction

Answer

Embryogenesis

Question 39

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of which cells?

Accepted Answer

Gametes

Answer

Somatic cells

Answer

Stem cells

Answer

Specialized cells

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in plants?

Accepted Answer

Budding

Answer

Pollination

Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Meiosis

Question 41

What is the role of chromosomes in inheritance?

Accepted Answer

They carry genetic material

Answer

They determine the sex of an individual

Answer

They regulate cellular processes

Answer

They produce enzymes

Question 42

What is the primary function of the placenta in mammals?

Accepted Answer

To provide oxygen and nutrients to the developing embryo

Answer

To remove waste products from the embryo

Answer

To protect the embryo from mechanical damage

Answer

To regulate the embryo's body temperature

Question 43

Which of the following best describes sexual selection and its impact on reproductive strategies?

Accepted Answer

Sexual selection favors individuals with traits that make them more attractive to potential mates.

Answer

Sexual selection has no effect on the evolution of reproductive behaviors and traits.

Answer

Sexual selection only occurs in humans and birds; other species do not exhibit such behaviors.

Question 44

In asexual reproduction, a new organism is formed from:

Accepted Answer

One parent

Answer

Two parents

Answer

A spore

Answer

A gamete

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a type of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Budding

Answer

Fragmentation

Answer

Parthenogenesis

Question 46

In sexual reproduction, fertilization occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A sperm and an egg fuse

Answer

Two eggs fuse

Answer

Two sperm fuse

Answer

A sperm and a polar body fuse

Question 47

What is the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction involves the joining of gametes, while asexual reproduction does not.

Answer

Sexual reproduction uses one parent, while asexual reproduction uses two parents.

Answer

Sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while asexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring.

Answer

Sexual reproduction is used by animals, while asexual reproduction is used by plants.

Question 48

Which of the following is the male gamete in humans?

Accepted Answer

Sperm

Answer

Egg

Answer

Embryo

Answer

Fetus

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Prostate gland

Answer

Ovaries

Answer

Fallopian tubes

Answer

Uterus

Question 50

The process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half to create gametes is called:

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Cloning

Question 51

Where in a cell is the genetic material stored?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cell membrane

Question 52

Which allele is expressed when only one copy of it is present in the genotype?

Accepted Answer

Dominant

Answer

Recessive

Answer

Co-dominant

Answer

Incomplete dominant

Question 53

A characteristic that is controlled by a single gene pair is called a:

Accepted Answer

Monogenic trait

Answer

Polygenic trait

Answer

Quantitative trait

Answer

Environmental trait

Question 54

What is a diagram that shows the possible genotypes of offspring from a specific mating called?

Accepted Answer

Punnett square

Answer

Karyotype

Answer

Pedigree chart

Answer

Cladogram

Question 55

Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Common cold

Answer

Broken leg

Answer

Influenza

Question 56

The study of genetics in humans is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Human genetics

Answer

Animal genetics

Answer

Plant genetics

Answer

Medical genetics

Question 57

Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are:

Accepted Answer

Genetically identical to the parent

Answer

Genetically different from the parent

Answer

Larger than the parent

Answer

Smaller than the parent

Question 58

In flowers, the male gametes are produced in the:

Accepted Answer

Anther

Answer

Stigma

Answer

Ovule

Answer

Petal

Question 59

Meiosis is a process that:

Accepted Answer

Reduces the number of chromosomes by half

Answer

Copies the chromosomes

Answer

Increases the number of chromosomes

Answer

Combines the chromosomes from two parents

Question 60

DNA is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Carrying the instructions for an organism's traits

Answer

Controlling the body's metabolism

Answer

Protecting the body from infection

Answer

Producing energy for the body

Question 61

A genotype of 'AA' means that an individual:

Accepted Answer

Has two dominant alleles for a particular trait

Answer

Has two recessive alleles for a particular trait

Answer

Has one dominant and one recessive allele for a particular trait

Answer

Is a carrier for a particular trait

Question 62

What is the primary function of the male gamete in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Carry genetic material from the father

Answer

Provide nourishment for the embryo

Answer

Stimulate ovulation

Answer

Protect the egg from damage

Question 63

What process allows plants to produce seeds without fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Apomixis

Answer

Pollination

Answer

Germination

Answer

Budding

Question 64

Which reproductive organ is responsible for producing sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

Testis

Answer

Ovary

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Prostate gland