Thermal Energy: Heat, Temperature, and Matter Changes

Question 1

Which experiment would provide the most accurate measurement of a material's specific heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Heating the sample in a calorimeter with a known mass of water and measuring the temperature change of the water

Answer

Heating the sample and measuring the time it takes to cool to room temperature

Answer

Suspending the sample and measuring its temperature as it cools from a high temperature

Answer

Placing the sample in a sealed container and measuring the temperature change of the air inside as it cools

Question 2

How does thermal energy influence the movement of particles in matter? Explain your answer with specific examples.

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy speeds up particles, making them move faster and farther apart.

Answer

Thermal energy slows down particles, causing them to move slower and closer together.

Answer

Thermal energy has no impact on particle movement.

Answer

Thermal energy only affects gas particles, not liquid or solid particles.

Question 3

Which factors primarily influence the thermal conductivity of a material, and how do these factors affect its ability to transfer heat?

Accepted Answer

Molecular structure and intermolecular bond strength

Answer

Density and temperature

Answer

Thickness and shape

Answer

Color and reflectivity

Question 4

Which statement best describes the suitability of geothermal energy as a renewable energy source for heating homes?

Accepted Answer

Geothermal energy is reliable and abundant, but its environmental impact and cost should be considered.

Answer

Geothermal energy is clean and sustainable, with no environmental impact.

Answer

Geothermal energy is not suitable for home heating due to its high cost and low efficiency.

Answer

Geothermal energy is only suitable for large-scale applications, not for home heating.

Question 5

How does thermal energy contribute to climate change? Discuss its sources and potential impacts on the environment and human society.

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, is a major contributor to climate change.

Answer

Thermal energy released by the sun is the primary contributor to climate change.

Answer

Thermal energy has no significant impact on the environment or human society.

Answer

The use of thermal energy in everyday applications does not contribute to climate change.

Question 6

When do we say that thermal equilibrium has occurred?

Accepted Answer

When two objects at the same temperature touch and there is no heat transfer between them.

Answer

When two objects at different temperatures touch and heat moves from the warmer to the cooler object.

Answer

When two objects at different temperatures are close but not touching and heat moves from the warmer to the cooler object.

Answer

When two objects at the same temperature are far apart and heat moves from the warmer to the cooler object.

Question 7

When heat moves between two solids touching each other, what process is happening?

Accepted Answer

Conduction

Answer

Radiation

Answer

Convection

Question 8

In industries and engineering, thermal energy is harnessed for various applications. Explain two distinct ways in which thermal energy is utilized in these fields.

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy is employed to generate electricity in power plants.

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy is utilized to mold and transform materials during manufacturing processes.

Answer

Thermal energy is used to power vehicles as an alternative to gasoline.

Answer

Thermal energy is used to cool buildings and regulate indoor temperatures.

Question 9

When the temperature of a substance increases, what happens to the movement of its molecules?

Accepted Answer

They speed up and move further apart.

Answer

They slow down and move closer together.

Answer

Their speed and distance remain the same.

Answer

They change their chemical composition.

Question 10

How does heat travel through a metal spoon placed in a hot cup of tea?

Accepted Answer

Conduction

Answer

Convection

Answer

Radiation

Answer

Evaporation

Question 11

Which process involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves?

Accepted Answer

Radiation

Answer

Convection

Answer

Conduction

Answer

Evaporation

Question 12

Why does a metal object feel colder to the touch than a wooden object at the same temperature?

Accepted Answer

Metals are better conductors of heat than wood.

Answer

Metals have a higher specific heat capacity than wood.

Answer

Metals have a lower density than wood.

Answer

Metals are more reflective than wood.

Question 13

How is thermal energy related to temperature?

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy is directly proportional to temperature.

Answer

Thermal energy is inversely proportional to temperature.

Answer

Thermal energy is independent of temperature.

Answer

Thermal energy and temperature are unrelated.

Question 14

When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid, what happens to its thermal energy?

Accepted Answer

It increases

Answer

It decreases

Answer

It remains the same

Answer

It fluctuates

Question 15

Which physical process involves the transfer of heat without the movement of matter?

Accepted Answer

Radiation

Answer

Conduction

Answer

Convection

Question 16

The specific heat capacity of a substance measures:

Accepted Answer

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

Answer

The rate at which heat flows through the substance

Answer

The energy stored in the substance

Question 17

Which material generally conducts heat most efficiently?

Accepted Answer

Metal

Answer

Wood

Answer

Plastic

Question 18

When a solid melts, it generally:

Accepted Answer

Absorbs heat energy and increases in temperature

Answer

Releases heat energy and decreases in temperature

Answer

Neither absorbs nor releases heat energy

Question 19

The standard unit for measuring thermal energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the:

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Calorie

Answer

Kelvin

Question 20

Materials that effectively resist the flow of heat are known as:

Accepted Answer

Insulators

Answer

Conductors

Answer

Semi-conductors

Question 21

When a gas is compressed, it generally:

Accepted Answer

Loses heat energy and contracts

Answer

Gains heat energy and expands

Answer

Neither gains nor loses heat energy

Question 22

Which material below effectively allows heat to pass through?

Accepted Answer

Metal

Answer

Wood

Answer

Plastic

Answer

Air

Question 23

What happens to the temperature of an item when it gains heat?

Accepted Answer

It increases

Answer

It decreases

Answer

It stays the same

Answer

It becomes negative

Question 24

In the International System of Units (SI), what is the unit used to measure thermal energy?

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Kelvin

Answer

Watt

Answer

Celsius

Question 25

Which statement describes thermal energy accurately?

Accepted Answer

It is a kind of energy related to the movement of tiny particles like atoms and molecules.

Answer

It can only move from one place to another through conduction.

Answer

It can neither be created nor destroyed in an isolated system.

Answer

It is unrelated to temperature.

Question 26

If we increase the temperature of a particular gas while keeping the pressure constant, what happens to its volume?

Accepted Answer

It increases

Answer

It decreases

Answer

It stays the same

Answer

It becomes negative

Question 27

What specific term describes the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius?

Accepted Answer

Specific heat capacity

Answer

Thermal conductivity

Answer

Latent heat

Answer

Enthalpy

Question 28

Which of the following materials is a good conductor of heat?

Accepted Answer

Metal

Answer

Wood

Answer

Plastic

Answer

Rubber

Question 29

What happens to the particles in a substance when it is heated?

Accepted Answer

They speed up

Answer

They slow down

Answer

They change direction

Answer

They become smaller

Question 30

Which material has the highest thermal capacity?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Oil

Answer

Air

Answer

Sand

Question 31

What is the process by which heat is transferred through direct contact between objects called?

Accepted Answer

Conduction

Answer

Convection

Answer

Radiation

Answer

Evaporation

Question 32

What happens to the volume of a liquid when it is heated?

Accepted Answer

Increases

Answer

Decreases

Answer

Stays the same

Answer

Can either increase or decrease

Question 33

Which of the following units is used to measure temperature in the UK?

Accepted Answer

Celsius

Answer

Fahrenheit

Answer

Kelvin

Answer

Rankine

Question 34

What is the state of matter in which particles are most closely packed together?

Accepted Answer

Solid

Answer

Liquid

Answer

Gas

Answer

Plasma

Question 35

What is the unit of energy used to measure thermal energy?

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Newton

Answer

Calorie

Answer

Kilocalorie

Question 36

What happens to the particles in an object when its temperature increases?

Accepted Answer

They move faster and farther apart.

Answer

They move slower and closer together.

Answer

They remain unchanged.

Question 37

Which of the following processes involves the transfer of heat without the movement of matter?

Accepted Answer

Radiation

Answer

Convection

Answer

Evaporation

Question 38

What is the unit of measurement for thermal energy?

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Kelvin

Answer

Celsius

Question 39

Which of the following materials is a good conductor of heat?

Accepted Answer

Metal

Answer

Wood

Answer

Styrofoam

Question 40

What happens to the volume of a gas when its temperature rises?

Accepted Answer

It increases.

Answer

It decreases.

Answer

It stays the same.

Question 41

Which of the following devices converts electrical energy into thermal energy?

Accepted Answer

Incandescent light bulb

Answer

Solar panel

Answer

Wind turbine

Question 42

What is the formula for calculating the heat transferred?

Accepted Answer

Q = mcΔt

Answer

Q = I²Rt

Answer

Q = PV

Question 43

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

Accepted Answer

Heat is a form of energy, while temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness.

Answer

Heat and temperature are the same thing.

Question 44

Which of the following methods does NOT transfer heat?

Accepted Answer

Compression

Answer

Conduction

Answer

Convection

Answer

Evaporation

Question 45

What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?

Accepted Answer

The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Answer

The energy released when 1 gram of a substance cools by 1 degree Celsius

Answer

The rate at which heat moves through a substance

Answer

The temperature at which a substance changes state

Question 46

Which of the following has the highest specific heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Air

Answer

Stone

Answer

Metal

Question 47

What happens to most substances when their temperature increases?

Accepted Answer

They expand

Answer

They contract

Answer

They change state

Answer

Their density increases

Question 48

Which device uses the principle of thermal expansion?

Accepted Answer

Thermometer

Answer

Air conditioner

Answer

Computer

Answer

Refrigerator

Question 49

How are heat and temperature different?

Accepted Answer

Heat is a form of energy, while temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness

Answer

Heat is a measure of hotness or coldness, while temperature is a form of energy

Answer

Heat and temperature are the same thing

Answer

Heat is a property of matter, while temperature is a measure of energy

Question 50

Which of the following is conduction?

Accepted Answer

The flow of heat through a metal pan

Answer

The movement of warm air rising

Answer

The transfer of heat through boiling water

Answer

The warming of a room by a radiator

Question 51

What is the unit of thermal energy in the International System of Units?

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Kelvin

Answer

Watt

Answer

Celsius

Question 52

Which of the following is an exothermic change?

Accepted Answer

Burning wood

Answer

Melting ice

Answer

Condensation of water vapor

Answer

Evaporation of water

Question 53

What is the purpose of thermal insulation?

Accepted Answer

To prevent heat transfer

Answer

To increase heat transfer

Answer

To store heat

Answer

To convert heat into other forms of energy

Question 54

Which material has the highest specific heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Wood

Answer

Metal

Answer

Air

Question 55

What happens to the particles of a material when its temperature increases?

Accepted Answer

They move faster.

Answer

They move slower.

Answer

They change shape.

Answer

They stop moving.

Question 56

Which object is a good conductor of heat?

Accepted Answer

Metal spoon

Answer

Wooden table

Answer

Plastic cup

Answer

Rubber band

Question 57

What is the unit of thermal energy in the SI system?

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Watt

Answer

Celsius

Answer

Ohm

Question 58

What is the term for the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius?

Accepted Answer

Specific heat capacity

Answer

Latent heat

Answer

Thermal conductivity

Answer

Calorie

Question 59

Which unit is used to measure thermal energy?

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Kelvin

Answer

Watt

Answer

Calorie

Question 60

Which substance has the highest ability to store heat?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Wood

Answer

Metal

Answer

Air

Question 61

What happens to the size of a gas when it is heated?

Accepted Answer

It gets bigger.

Answer

It gets smaller.

Answer

It stays the same.

Answer

It disappears.

Question 62

Which of these is NOT a way that heat can move?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Conduction

Answer

Convection

Answer

Radiation

Question 63

What is the name of the process where a liquid turns into a gas?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Freezing

Answer

Melting

Question 64

Which of these materials is good at preventing heat from moving?

Accepted Answer

Wood

Answer

Glass

Answer

Plastic

Answer

Metal