Architectural Styles and Patterns: Master Software Architecture Concepts

Question 1

Which architectural style features a hierarchical arrangement of modules, with each layer providing specific functionality and abstracting away implementation details?

Accepted Answer

Layered architecture

Answer

Microservices architecture

Answer

Event-driven architecture

Answer

Client-server architecture

Question 2

What is a primary advantage of employing microservices architecture in software design?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced scalability and adaptability

Answer

Improved performance

Answer

Reduced development time

Question 3

Which of the following is a fundamental aspect of event-driven architecture?

Accepted Answer

Asynchronous message exchange

Answer

Tightly coupled components

Answer

Centralized control

Question 4

What is the primary objective of applying a facade design pattern?

Accepted Answer

To simplify the interface of a complex subsystem

Answer

To ensure that only one object has access to a resource at a time

Answer

To create objects without specifying the exact class that will be instantiated

Question 5

What is the role of an observer design pattern?

Accepted Answer

To establish a one-to-many dependency between objects, allowing for notifications when the state of one object changes

Answer

To enforce that only a single instance of a class can exist

Answer

To provide an iterator interface for traversing a collection of objects

Question 6

What is the primary purpose of a singleton design pattern?

Accepted Answer

To restrict the creation of a class to only one instance, ensuring global access to that instance

Answer

To provide a central access point to shared resources

Answer

To define a common interface for a group of related classes

Question 7

Which of the following is a key benefit of using layered architecture?

Accepted Answer

Improved maintainability and testability due to separation of concerns

Answer

Increased performance

Answer

Reduced development time

Question 8

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using design patterns in software architecture?

Accepted Answer

Reduced performance

Answer

Improved code maintainability

Answer

Increased flexibility

Question 9

Which architectural style is characterized by its modular structure and separation of functionality into distinct layers?

Accepted Answer

Layered architecture

Answer

Event-driven architecture

Answer

Domain-driven design

Answer

Microservices architecture

Question 10

In a microservices architecture, which of the following characteristics enables independent deployment of services?

Accepted Answer

Loose coupling and independent deployability

Answer

Monolithic application design

Answer

Centralized data management

Question 11

Which architectural style is considered optimal for systems demanding high scalability and flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Microservices architecture

Answer

Monolithic architecture

Answer

Layered architecture

Answer

Client-server architecture

Question 12

In a layered architecture, which layer is primarily responsible for handling user interactions and presentation logic?

Accepted Answer

Presentation layer

Answer

Data access layer

Answer

Infrastructure layer

Answer

Business logic layer

Question 13

Which design pattern provides a simplified and unified interface for interacting with a group of related objects?

Accepted Answer

Facade

Answer

Builder

Answer

Decorator

Answer

Factory

Question 14

In an event-driven architecture, what component is responsible for directing events to their intended recipients?

Accepted Answer

Event broker

Answer

Event store

Answer

Event processor

Answer

Event generator

Question 15

Which design pattern is employed to create objects without explicitly specifying the class of the object being created?

Accepted Answer

Factory method

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Prototype

Answer

Builder

Question 16

Which architectural style is specifically designed to facilitate independent service deployment and horizontal scaling?

Accepted Answer

Microservices

Answer

Layered

Answer

Event-Driven

Answer

Domain-Driven Design

Question 17

Which design pattern provides a unified interface for accessing data from multiple sources, abstracting away the underlying implementation details?

Accepted Answer

Adapter

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Factory Method

Question 18

In a layered architecture, which layer is primarily responsible for managing data persistence?

Accepted Answer

Data Access Layer (DAL)

Answer

Business Logic Layer (BLL)

Answer

Presentation Layer

Answer

User Interface Layer (UI)

Question 19

Which architectural style is commonly employed in systems that require real-time response to events?

Accepted Answer

Event-Driven

Answer

Microservices

Answer

Client-Server

Question 20

Which design pattern enables the creation of objects without specifying the exact class of the object being created, providing flexibility and code reuse?

Accepted Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Observer

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Builder

Question 21

Which architectural style prioritizes code reuse and maintainability through the organization of code into cohesive and reusable modules?

Accepted Answer

Domain-Driven Design

Answer

Layered

Answer

Microservices

Answer

Event-Driven

Question 22

Which design pattern separates the construction of an object from its representation, allowing for greater flexibility and control over the object creation process?

Accepted Answer

Builder

Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Adapter

Answer

Singleton

Question 23

Which architectural style is typically encountered in older systems or systems with complex interdependencies, characterized by a single, monolithic codebase?

Accepted Answer

Monolithic

Answer

Layered

Answer

Microservices

Answer

Event-Driven

Question 24

Which design pattern provides a single point of access to a shared resource, ensuring consistency and preventing multiple instances of the resource?

Accepted Answer

Singleton

Answer

Adapter

Answer

Factory Method

Question 25

Which architectural style promotes the separation of concerns by organizing the application into distinct layers with well-defined responsibilities?

Accepted Answer

Layered

Answer

Event-Driven

Answer

Microservices

Answer

Monolithic

Question 26

In the layered architectural style, which of the following is a key characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Division of the system into horizontal layers, each with a specific responsibility

Answer

Emphasis on loose coupling between components

Answer

Use of asynchronous communication mechanisms

Answer

Focus on scalability and fault tolerance

Question 27

Which design pattern promotes the principle of least privilege by inverting dependencies?

Accepted Answer

Dependency inversion principle

Answer

Observer pattern

Answer

Singleton pattern

Answer

Factory method pattern

Question 28

Which architectural style is particularly suitable for building distributed systems that require high scalability and resilience?

Accepted Answer

Microservices architecture

Answer

Monolithic architecture

Answer

Layered architecture

Answer

Event-driven architecture

Question 29

Which design pattern is employed to create a single, unique instance of a class throughout the application?

Accepted Answer

Singleton pattern

Answer

Factory method pattern

Answer

Facade pattern

Answer

Observer pattern

Question 30

Which architectural style places emphasis on high data integrity and consistency, commonly used in database applications?

Accepted Answer

Relational architecture

Answer

Event-driven architecture

Answer

Microservices architecture

Answer

NoSQL architecture

Question 31

Which design pattern decouples an object from its implementation, allowing for easy interchangeability of different implementations?

Accepted Answer

Bridge pattern

Answer

Decorator pattern

Answer

Facade pattern

Answer

Composite pattern

Question 32

In the map/reduce event-driven architectural pattern, complex data processing tasks are handled in what manner?

Accepted Answer

By breaking them down into smaller, independent steps

Answer

Using a publish/subscribe mechanism

Answer

Through a centralized processing unit

Answer

Via direct interaction between components

Question 33

Which architectural style strictly adheres to the separation of concerns principle, with each layer handling specific functionality?

Accepted Answer

Layered Architecture

Answer

Event-Driven Architecture

Answer

Component-Based Architecture

Answer

Microservices Architecture

Question 34

Which design pattern enables the creation of objects without explicitly specifying their exact class, promoting flexibility in object creation?

Accepted Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Observer

Question 35

Which architectural style utilizes independent, lightweight services communicating via protocols, promoting loose coupling and scalability?

Accepted Answer

Microservices Architecture

Answer

Service-Oriented Architecture

Answer

Component-Based Architecture

Answer

Layered Architecture

Question 36

Which design pattern establishes a one-to-many dependency between objects, where changes in a single object automatically propagate to all its dependent objects?

Accepted Answer

Observer

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Factory Method

Question 37

Which architectural style relies heavily on asynchronous message queues for communication, enabling event-based interactions between components?

Accepted Answer

Event-Driven Architecture

Answer

Service-Oriented Architecture

Answer

Layered Architecture

Answer

Microservices Architecture

Question 38

Which design pattern allows an object to adjust its behavior dynamically based on its internal state, promoting flexible and responsive behavior?

Accepted Answer

State

Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Observer

Question 39

Which design pattern allows the enhancement of an object's functionality by wrapping it with another object, providing additional responsibilities without modifying the original object?

Accepted Answer

Decorator

Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Observer

Answer

Strategy

Question 40

Which design pattern defines a set of interchangeable algorithms and provides a mechanism to select and use them at runtime, promoting flexibility and algorithm independence?

Accepted Answer

Strategy

Answer

Decorator

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Observer

Question 41

Which architectural style is characterized by organizing components into distinct layers, with each layer providing functionality to the layer above it?

Accepted Answer

Layered Architecture

Answer

Event-Driven Architecture

Answer

Microservices Architecture

Answer

Client-Server Architecture

Question 42

What is a predominant advantage of using a microservices architectural style?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced scalability and flexibility

Answer

Reduced development time

Answer

Enhanced security

Answer

Improved performance

Question 43

What is the purpose of the Decorator design pattern?

Accepted Answer

To dynamically enhance an object's functionality without modifying its underlying structure.

Answer

To create multiple instances of an object with varying states.

Answer

To enforce restrictions on object access.

Question 44

Which architectural style is well-suited for applications that demand real-time data processing and asynchronous communication?

Accepted Answer

Event-Driven Architecture

Answer

Microservices Architecture

Answer

Layered Architecture

Answer

Service-Oriented Architecture

Question 45

When selecting an architectural style for a software system, which factor should be given the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

The system's functional and non-functional requirements

Answer

The development team's experience

Answer

The availability of existing libraries

Question 46

Which design pattern is commonly utilized to implement the Command pattern?

Accepted Answer

Strategy

Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Builder

Answer

Singleton

Question 47

What is the primary objective of the Observer design pattern?

Accepted Answer

To establish a one-to-many dependency between objects, ensuring that when one object's state changes, all dependent objects are notified and updated accordingly.

Answer

To create a single, shared instance of an object.

Question 48

What is a key advantage of incorporating design patterns into software architecture?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing code reuse, improving flexibility, and promoting maintainability

Answer

Reducing development time

Answer

Simplifying testing

Question 49

Which architectural style emphasizes dividing an application into independent, loosely coupled services?

Accepted Answer

Microservices

Answer

Event-Driven Architecture

Answer

Monolithic Architecture

Answer

Layered Architecture

Question 50

A system designed with a layered architecture typically separates concerns into distinct layers. Which layer is responsible for handling user interactions and presenting data?

Accepted Answer

Presentation Layer

Answer

Business Logic Layer

Answer

Infrastructure Layer

Answer

Data Access Layer

Question 51

In an event-driven architecture, components communicate by publishing and subscribing to events. What is the main advantage of this approach?

Accepted Answer

Loose coupling and scalability

Answer

Increased security

Answer

Reduced complexity

Answer

Simplified development

Question 52

Which design pattern promotes code reusability by providing a common interface for a family of related objects?

Accepted Answer

Abstract Factory

Answer

Facade

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Observer

Question 53

The 'Decorator' design pattern is used to dynamically add responsibilities to an object. What is the main benefit of using this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Extending functionality without modifying the original object

Answer

Enhancing security

Answer

Simplifying complex logic

Question 54

You are designing a system that needs to handle large volumes of data asynchronously. Which architectural style would be most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Event-Driven Architecture

Answer

Layered Architecture

Answer

Monolithic Architecture

Answer

Microservices Architecture

Question 55

Which design pattern is particularly useful for managing access to a shared resource, ensuring that only one thread can access it at a time?

Accepted Answer

Mutex

Answer

Strategy

Answer

Factory

Answer

Observer

Question 56

Which design pattern is often used to provide a flexible way to configure and extend the behavior of an object at runtime?

Accepted Answer

Strategy

Answer

Adapter

Answer

Bridge

Answer

Template Method