Media Effects: Impact of Media on Audiences

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a key concept of Agenda Setting Theory?

Accepted Answer

The media has no influence on public opinion.

Answer

The media influences the public's perception of the importance of issues.

Answer

The public's agenda is not solely determined by their own experiences and beliefs.

Question 2

Which media effects theory focuses on the long-term influence of repeated exposure to media content?

Accepted Answer

Cultivation Theory

Answer

Agenda Setting Theory

Answer

Priming Theory

Question 3

Examine the ethical obligations of media producers in relation to the potential impact of their content on audiences, encompassing both positive and negative outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Media producers bear the ethical responsibility to ensure their content is accurate and impartial.

Accepted Answer

Media producers have an ethical obligation to safeguard vulnerable audiences from potentially harmful content.

Answer

Media producers have no ethical responsibility as their content is purely fictional and does not influence real-world events.

Answer

Media producers are not accountable for the actions of their audience.

Question 4

Which of the following is **not** a key assumption of the cultivation theory?

Accepted Answer

Media exposure has no significant impact on audience beliefs.

Answer

Heavy viewers of television tend to have more traditional values.

Answer

Media portrayals can influence viewers' perceptions of the world.

Question 5

According to the agenda-setting theory, the media primarily:

Accepted Answer

Shapes the public's perception of the importance of issues.

Answer

Controls what information people receive.

Answer

Determines the opinions of audiences on specific issues.

Question 6

One of the limitations of the uses and gratifications theory is that:

Accepted Answer

It assumes that audiences are always active and rational in their media consumption.

Answer

It can account for the effects of media on different audience segments.

Answer

It helps explain why people choose to consume certain types of media.

Question 7

The concept of selective exposure suggests that audiences have a tendency to:

Accepted Answer

Seek out media that confirms their existing beliefs and values.

Answer

Media exposure has no effect on audience attitudes.

Answer

Are equally exposed to all types of media content.

Question 8

Which of the following is a major criticism of media effects research?

Accepted Answer

It often relies on correlational studies, which cannot establish causality.

Answer

It is conducted only in laboratory settings and does not reflect real-world media consumption.

Answer

It is too focused on negative effects and ignores positive effects.

Question 9

Researchers have found that media violence can have a range of potential effects on children. Which of the following is **not** a well-established effect?

Accepted Answer

Improved empathy and understanding of others.

Answer

Increased aggression and violent behavior.

Answer

Desensitization to violence.

Question 10

Media literacy refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ability to critically evaluate and understand media messages.

Answer

The amount of time spent consuming media.

Answer

The ability to create and produce media content.

Question 11

A primary goal of media effects education is to:

Accepted Answer

Empower audiences to make informed decisions about media consumption.

Answer

Ensure that audiences only consume media that reflects their own values.

Answer

Prevent audiences from being exposed to harmful media content.

Question 12

The concept of the 'echo chamber' relates to a situation where:

Accepted Answer

People are primarily exposed to opinions and information that reinforce their existing beliefs.

Answer

People are exposed to a wide range of perspectives and opinions.

Question 13

The hypodermic needle model of media effects proposes that:

Accepted Answer

Media messages directly and powerfully influence audiences

Answer

Media effects are primarily influenced by individual factors

Answer

Media can only reinforce already-held beliefs

Question 14

According to cultivation theory, media exposure can shape our perceptions of the world by:

Accepted Answer

Presenting a limited and often distorted view of reality

Answer

Encouraging us to adopt specific political views

Answer

Providing us with entirely false and inaccurate information

Question 15

The agenda-setting theory suggests that the media can:

Accepted Answer

Influence the public's perception of the importance of issues

Answer

Control how people think about specific issues

Answer

Predict how people will vote in elections

Question 16

A key limitation of correlational research in studying media effects is that:

Accepted Answer

It cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship

Answer

It requires an excessively large sample size

Answer

It is prone to sampling bias

Answer

It is unsuitable for use with qualitative data

Question 17

The 'moral panic' theory argues that:

Accepted Answer

Media coverage can amplify and exaggerate fears about new technologies or social trends

Answer

Media effects are always negative

Answer

Media can only influence the beliefs of the most vulnerable people

Question 18

An example of a positive media effect is:

Accepted Answer

Raising awareness about important social issues

Answer

Creating unrealistic body images

Answer

Encouraging unhealthy eating habits

Answer

Promoting violent behavior

Question 19

The 'uses and gratifications' approach to media effects emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

Audiences actively choose and interpret media messages to meet their individual needs

Answer

Media effects are always negative

Answer

Audiences are passive recipients of media messages

Question 20

The concept of 'media literacy' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ability to critically analyze and engage with media messages

Answer

The ability to consume media without distraction

Answer

The ability to produce media content

Question 21

Which media effects theory posits that the effects of media are direct, immediate, and powerful, resulting in passive reception by the audience?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermic Needle Theory

Answer

Uses and Gratifications Theory

Answer

Cultivation Theory

Answer

Agenda-Setting Theory

Question 22

Which theory emphasizes the audience's active role in selecting, interpreting, and using media content to fulfill their needs?

Accepted Answer

Uses and Gratifications Theory

Answer

Agenda-Setting Theory

Answer

Social Learning Theory

Answer

Hypodermic Needle Theory

Question 23

Which theory suggests that media coverage of issues influences public opinion by determining what people consider important and relevant?

Accepted Answer

Agenda-Setting Theory

Answer

Cultivation Theory

Answer

Social Learning Theory

Answer

Framing Theory

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of an immediate media effect?

Accepted Answer

Changes in mood or behavior after watching a film

Answer

Changes in social norms due to media portrayals

Answer

Long-term shifts in political beliefs

Answer

Increased civic engagement due to exposure to news media

Question 25

Which media effect refers to the tendency of media representations to overrepresent certain groups or perspectives, leading to a skewed perception of reality?

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Cultivation

Answer

Priming

Answer

Agenda setting

Question 26

Which ethical concern is raised by the use of subliminal messages in advertising?

Accepted Answer

Deception and manipulation

Answer

Violation of privacy

Answer

Spread of misinformation

Answer

Incitement to violence

Question 27

Which of the following is an advantage of media literacy education?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing individuals' capacity to make informed decisions about media consumption

Answer

Preventing addiction to social media

Answer

Reducing media violence

Question 28

According to Social Cognitive Theory, how does media influence behavior?

Accepted Answer

By providing role models and social cues

Answer

By influencing emotional responses

Answer

By changing attitudes and beliefs

Answer

By altering cognitive processes

Question 29

Which of the following is a core tenet of Uses and Gratifications Theory?

Accepted Answer

Audiences are active users of media who seek specific gratifications

Answer

Media only affects vulnerable populations

Answer

Media effects are universal

Answer

Media primarily shapes social norms

Question 30

The 'spiral of silence' theory postulates that:

Accepted Answer

Individuals are less likely to express opinions that differ from the perceived majority

Answer

Negative media coverage can increase social isolation

Answer

Media exposure leads to group polarization

Question 31

Cyberbullying, a type of media effect, is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Severe psychological consequences

Answer

Being less harmful than traditional forms of bullying

Answer

Being experienced only by teenagers

Answer

Being primarily limited to social media platforms

Question 32

A potential benefit of media exposure is:

Accepted Answer

Increased knowledge and awareness of social issues

Answer

Decreased critical thinking abilities

Answer

Reduced empathy and compassion

Answer

Increased susceptibility to negative stereotypes

Question 33

Media literacy encompasses:

Accepted Answer

The ability to critically analyze and interpret media messages

Answer

The ability to produce media content

Answer

The use of media to spread propaganda

Question 34

The 'gatekeeping' function of media refers to:

Accepted Answer

The control of information flow by media organizations

Answer

The influence of ownership and funding on media content

Answer

The use of biased language in media reporting

Question 35

Which of the following is a central idea of the cultivation theory?

Accepted Answer

Consistent exposure to media can shape an individual's beliefs and perceptions about the world.

Answer

Media effects are fleeting and have no lasting impact.

Answer

Media is solely a positive force in society.

Question 36

According to the uses and gratifications theory, audiences are:

Accepted Answer

Active participants who use media to meet their individual needs.

Answer

Resistant to any impact from media messages.

Answer

Passively influenced by media with no conscious effort.

Answer

Uncritically accepting of all media content.

Question 37

The agenda-setting theory proposes that media:

Accepted Answer

Can influence the public's perception of the significance of issues.

Answer

Has no impact on public discourse.

Answer

Controls the public's opinion.

Question 38

The spiral of silence theory contends that:

Accepted Answer

Individuals are less likely to express views that conflict with the perceived majority opinion.

Answer

Individuals are more likely to express views that conform to the majority opinion.

Answer

Media has no effect on public opinion.

Question 39

Which theory emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping media effects?

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory

Answer

Agenda-setting theory

Answer

Cultivation theory

Answer

Uses and gratifications theory

Question 40

An ethical concern regarding media effects research is:

Accepted Answer

The potential for media to exploit or manipulate audiences

Answer

The expense of conducting media research

Answer

The length of time it takes to complete media research

Question 41

The goal of the media literacy movement is to:

Accepted Answer

Empower audiences to critically analyze and evaluate media content.

Answer

Encourage media producers to create more morally sound content.

Answer

Ban harmful or offensive media content.