Deontology: Explore Duty-Based Ethics in Eastern Philosophy

Question 1

In deontological ethical theories, which of the following is a key characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Actions are considered moral if they adhere to established rules or duties.

Answer

Actions are judged solely by their intended consequences.

Answer

Actions are evaluated based on the amount of happiness or well-being they generate.

Question 2

Which of the following accurately describes the key principle of deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

Determining the ethical value of actions based on their inherent characteristics, such as their adherence to universal moral principles.

Answer

Assessing actions based on their impact on the well-being of individuals.

Answer

Judging actions solely by the amount of happiness or utility produced.

Question 3

Which type of deontological theory asserts that the rightness or wrongness of an action is solely determined by whether it aligns with universally applicable moral rules?

Accepted Answer

Kant's categorical imperative

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Egoism

Question 4

According to Kant's categorical imperative, an action is considered morally permissible if:

Accepted Answer

It can be universalized without contradiction.

Answer

It follows societal norms.

Answer

It conforms to personal values and beliefs.

Answer

It maximizes benefit for the greatest number of people.

Question 5

A key distinction between deontological and consequentialist theories of ethics lies in:

Accepted Answer

Deontological theories emphasize the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, while consequentialist theories prioritize the outcomes or consequences of actions.

Answer

Deontological theories focus on individual actions, while consequentialist theories consider the collective impact.

Question 6

Which philosopher is widely regarded as a primary proponent of deontology?

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant

Answer

David Hume

Answer

Aristotle

Answer

John Stuart Mill

Question 7

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of deontological ethical theories?

Accepted Answer

Actions are right or wrong based on their inherent nature, independent of their consequences.

Answer

The morality of an action solely depends on the agent's intentions.

Answer

The best action is the one that maximizes happiness for the greatest number.

Question 8

According to Immanuel Kant's deontological theory, what is the supreme principle of morality?

Accepted Answer

Categorical imperative

Answer

Principle of utility

Answer

Principle of non-maleficence

Answer

Golden rule

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a duty-based deontological theory?

Accepted Answer

Kantian ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Act utilitarianism

Answer

Consequentialism

Question 10

According to W.D. Ross's deontological theory, what is the role of prima facie duties?

Accepted Answer

They are duties that are generally binding unless they conflict with other, more significant duties.

Answer

They are duties that are always binding, regardless of the circumstances.

Answer

They are duties that are only binding if they align with our self-interest.

Question 11

In the context of Eastern philosophy, how does the concept of karma relate to deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

Karma encompasses the moral consequences of our actions, shaping our future experiences.

Answer

Karma is an ethical principle that guides us to treat others as we wish to be treated.

Answer

Karma is a supernatural force that rewards good deeds and punishes wrongdoings.

Question 12

Which of the following is a core principle of Confucian deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

Ren (humaneness)

Answer

Ataraxia (freedom from worry)

Answer

Eudaimonia (happiness)

Answer

Agape (unconditional love)

Question 13

How does the concept of dharma differ from the Western notion of duty in deontological ethical theories?

Accepted Answer

Dharma encompasses a broader range of obligations and responsibilities, including both personal and social duties.

Answer

Dharma is solely concerned with religious obligations.

Question 14

What is a potential benefit of applying deontological ethical principles to decision-making?

Accepted Answer

It provides a clear and consistent framework for making ethical judgments.

Answer

It is always the most efficient and practical approach.

Answer

It guarantees that all decisions will be morally correct.

Question 15

What is the significance of reason in deontological ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Reason is employed to determine the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, guided by moral principles.

Answer

Reason is used to calculate the consequences of actions and select the most advantageous option.

Question 16

What is the central principle of Deontology?

Accepted Answer

Duty-based ethics

Answer

Consequentialism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 17

Which philosopher is best known for developing the Categorical Imperative?

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant

Answer

John Stuart Mill

Answer

Socrates

Answer

Aristotle

Question 18

According to Kant, what makes an action morally right?

Accepted Answer

It can be applied universally as a moral law.

Answer

It produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

Answer

It conforms to social norms.

Answer

It is motivated by good intentions.

Question 19

What is a potential limitation of Deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

It may disregard the consequences of actions.

Answer

It provides clear and objective moral principles.

Answer

It aligns with common sense morality.

Question 20

How might Deontology relate to the concept of Karma in Eastern Philosophy?

Accepted Answer

Deontological actions can contribute to positive or negative Karma.

Answer

Deontology is incompatible with the belief in Karma.

Answer

Karma has no influence on moral decision-making in Deontology.

Question 21

What is a key characteristic of Ideal-Observer Theory?

Accepted Answer

Moral judgments are made from the perspective of an impartial observer.

Answer

Moral rules are derived from intuition.

Answer

Actions are evaluated based on their outcomes.

Question 22

How does Contractarianism differ from other Deontological theories?

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes the role of agreements and consent in moral decision-making.

Answer

It focuses on the intentions of the individual.

Answer

It rejects the idea of universal moral rules.