Rights in Eastern Philosophy: Nature, Types, and Theories

Question 1

Which of the following is a fundamental attribute of natural rights?

Accepted Answer

Inherent

Accepted Answer

Universal

Answer

Conferred by the government

Answer

Revocable

Question 2

In Eastern philosophy, how are rights and responsibilities perceived in relation to each other?

Accepted Answer

Interconnected, with one implying the other

Answer

Separate and unrelated concepts

Answer

Rights granted by society, responsibilities imposed by individuals

Answer

Responsibilities hold greater significance

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of natural rights?

Accepted Answer

They are granted by the state.

Answer

They are based on reason and inherent human dignity.

Answer

They are universal.

Answer

They are inalienable.

Question 4

According to the social contract theory of rights, what is the basis for the authority of the state?

Accepted Answer

The consent of the governed.

Answer

The divine right of kings.

Answer

The natural order of things.

Question 5

Which of the following is a key concept in Confucian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Filial piety.

Answer

Individualism.

Answer

Utilitarianism.

Answer

Equality.

Question 6

According to the theory of legal positivism, what is the source of law?

Accepted Answer

The state.

Answer

Custom and tradition.

Answer

Natural law.

Answer

Religious doctrine.

Question 7

What is a key criticism of utilitarianism as a theory of rights?

Accepted Answer

It can justify the violation of individual rights for the sake of the greater good.

Answer

It is too abstract and impractical.

Answer

It ignores the intrinsic value of individuals.

Question 8

In Eastern philosophy, the concept of 'karma' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The moral consequences of one's actions and intentions.

Answer

The path to enlightenment.

Answer

The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

Question 9

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of Taoism?

Accepted Answer

Harmony with the natural world.

Answer

The pursuit of wealth and power.

Answer

The belief in a single, omnipotent God.

Answer

The importance of strict social hierarchy.

Question 10

According to the Buddhist doctrine of Anatta:

Accepted Answer

There is no permanent or unchanging self.

Answer

The self is immortal and will be reborn after death.

Answer

The self is an illusion.

Answer

The self is the ultimate reality.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT widely recognized as a fundamental human right?

Accepted Answer

The right to own slaves.

Answer

The right to education.

Answer

The right to life.

Answer

The right to freedom of speech.

Question 12

When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations?

Accepted Answer

1948.

Answer

1960.

Answer

1975.

Answer

1990.

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics is **NOT** associated with a natural right?

Accepted Answer

It is granted by a government.

Answer

It is universal.

Answer

It is inalienable.

Answer

It is immutable.

Question 14

According to the ethical theory of utilitarianism, which action is considered the most desirable?

Accepted Answer

The action that maximizes overall happiness.

Answer

The action that promotes equality.

Answer

The action that safeguards liberty.

Answer

The action that upholds justice.

Question 15

Which Eastern philosophical tradition emphasizes the paramount importance of non-violence and compassion for all living beings?

Accepted Answer

Buddhism

Answer

Daoism

Answer

Hinduism

Answer

Confucianism

Question 16

In Confucian philosophy, which virtue is considered the highest and most desirable?

Accepted Answer

Humaneness

Answer

Courage

Answer

Justice

Answer

Wisdom

Question 17

Which criticism of the concept of natural rights questions the reliability of its fundamental assumptions?

Accepted Answer

Reliance on unverifiable assumptions.

Answer

Excessive idealism.

Answer

Insufficient empirical evidence.

Answer

Lack of clarity and specificity.

Question 18

What is the primary distinction between positive and negative rights?

Accepted Answer

Positive rights impose obligations on others, while negative rights do not.

Answer

Positive rights are universally considered more important than negative rights.

Answer

Negative rights are inherently more difficult to enforce than positive rights.

Question 19

Under the social contract theory, what is widely considered to be the primary purpose of government?

Accepted Answer

To safeguard the rights of its citizens.

Answer

To cater to the welfare needs of its citizens.

Answer

To promote economic growth and prosperity.

Answer

To maintain law and order and ensure societal stability.

Question 20

Which argument for the existence of natural rights maintains that they are inherently self-evident and do not require external justification?

Accepted Answer

They are self-evident truths.

Answer

They are universally recognized and respected across different cultures.

Answer

They are essential for establishing a just and equitable society.

Answer

They are endorsed by various religious texts.

Question 21

How are rights and responsibilities generally understood in relation to each other?

Accepted Answer

They are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.

Answer

Rights are more fundamental and outweigh responsibilities.

Answer

They are unrelated and exist independently of each other.

Answer

Responsibilities are more significant and take precedence over rights.

Question 22

According to the theory of legal positivism, rights are:

Accepted Answer

Created and enforced by society

Answer

Universal and inalienable

Answer

Derived from natural law

Answer

Based on moral principles

Question 23

Which of the following is a key concept in Confucian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Respect for authority

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontologicalism

Answer

Individualism

Question 24

In Taoism, the concept of wu-wei refers to:

Accepted Answer

Effortless action

Answer

The imposition of one's will on others

Answer

The pursuit of power

Answer

Strict adherence to rules

Question 25

Which of the following is a freedom typically protected in democratic societies?

Accepted Answer

Freedom of expression

Answer

Right to own slaves

Answer

Right to live in poverty

Answer

Right to bear arms without regulation

Question 26

In Buddhist ethics, the principle of ahimsa prohibits:

Accepted Answer

Violence

Answer

Detachment from material possessions

Answer

Self-sacrifice

Answer

The pursuit of enlightenment

Question 27

In the context of Eastern philosophy, the concept of karman suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Our actions have consequences

Answer

We should strive for individual autonomy

Answer

The universe is governed by deterministic laws

Answer

We are separate from the natural world

Question 28

According to the social contract theory, the primary purpose of government is to:

Accepted Answer

Protect the rights of individuals

Answer

Enforce religious dogma

Answer

Control the lives of citizens

Answer

Maximize the wealth of the nation