The Nature of Morality in Eastern Philosophy: Explore Moral Theories and Actions

Question 1

Which characteristic is NOT associated with deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

Belief that the ends justify the means

Answer

Emphasis on duties and rules

Answer

Determination of right and wrong based on inherent qualities

Answer

Universality of moral guidelines

Question 2

According to the principle of utilitarianism, which action is considered morally superior?

Accepted Answer

The one with the greatest overall benefit for the majority

Answer

The one that strictly adheres to universal moral rules

Answer

The one that is guided by religious teachings

Answer

The one that maximizes personal contentment

Question 3

In Eastern philosophy, what is the significance of the concept 'karma'?

Accepted Answer

It represents the cumulative effect of past actions and their consequences

Answer

It refers to a supreme being who judges moral conduct

Answer

It expresses the interconnectedness of all life forms

Answer

It embodies the ethical principle of non-violence

Question 4

The concept of moral relativism suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Moral values vary across different cultures and historical periods

Answer

Moral values are universally applicable and unchanging

Answer

Moral judgments are purely subjective

Answer

Moral principles are derived solely from reason

Question 5

Which element is NOT considered a virtue in Confucian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Selfishness

Answer

Benevolence

Answer

Righteousness

Answer

Propriety

Question 6

According to Taoism, what is the optimal state of being?

Accepted Answer

Harmony with the natural world

Answer

Accumulation of wealth and power

Answer

Conformity to societal norms

Answer

Suppression of one's desires

Question 7

The Golden Rule, widely known in different cultures, embodies the principle of:

Accepted Answer

Treating others in a manner similar to how you desire to be treated

Answer

Believing that the consequences of actions justify their means

Answer

Following religious laws as ethical guidelines

Answer

Prioritizing one's own happiness above all else

Question 8

In Confucian ethics, which principle is considered a cornerstone of moral behavior?

Accepted Answer

Ren

Answer

Karma

Answer

Dharma

Answer

Wu-wei

Question 9

In Confucian ethics, which principle is considered the cornerstone of moral behavior?

Accepted Answer

Developing virtue and fostering moral character

Answer

Prioritizing individual freedom and autonomy

Answer

Seeking personal pleasure and gratification

Answer

Rejecting all external moral guidelines

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental tenet of Confucian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Ai (Universal Love)

Answer

Ren (Humaneness)

Answer

Li (Ritual)

Answer

Xin (Trustworthiness)

Question 11

Which of the following is the central concept underlying Daoist ethics, emphasizing non-interference and living in harmony with nature?

Accepted Answer

Wu-wei

Answer

Karma

Answer

Ren

Answer

Yin and Yang

Question 12

According to Confucianism, which virtue is considered the highest and encompasses love, compassion, and respect for others?

Accepted Answer

Ren

Answer

Yi

Answer

Zhi

Answer

Li

Question 13

Which Buddhist concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of all beings and acknowledges that clinging to desires leads to suffering?

Accepted Answer

pratītyasamutpāda

Answer

dukkha

Answer

anātman

Answer

karma

Question 14

The concept of 'karma' in Hinduism and Buddhism refers to which principle?

Accepted Answer

The law of cause and effect, where actions have consequences.

Answer

The cycle of rebirth

Answer

The path to enlightenment

Answer

The illusion of the self

Question 15

According to Moism, what is considered the ultimate criterion for determining the morality of an action?

Accepted Answer

Benefit to the greatest number

Answer

Tradition

Answer

Personal happiness

Answer

Divine law

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Confucian morality?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on individualism and personal desires

Answer

Respect for tradition and social hierarchy

Answer

Importance of social harmony and family relationships

Answer

Filial piety and respect for elders

Question 17

The 'Eightfold Path' in Buddhism represents what?

Accepted Answer

The path to enlightenment, consisting of eight practices that lead to the end of suffering.

Answer

The ethical principles and guidelines for a moral life

Answer

The cycle of rebirth and reincarnation

Answer

The stages of meditation and spiritual development

Question 18

Which principle in Daoist philosophy emphasizes living in accordance with nature and spontaneity?

Accepted Answer

Ziran

Answer

Ren

Answer

Karma

Answer

Li

Question 19

In Hinduism, the concept of 'dharma' refers to what?

Accepted Answer

One's duty, righteous path, and obligations in life.

Answer

The ultimate reality and divine essence of the universe

Answer

Personal liberation and spiritual enlightenment

Answer

The cycle of rebirth and reincarnation

Question 20

What is the defining characteristic of Confucian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of all living beings.

Answer

Prioritizes individual freedom and self-fulfillment.

Answer

Promotes a simple lifestyle with minimal material possessions.

Answer

Aspires to establish a perfectly just and equal society.

Question 21

In Confucian ethics, which principle is considered fundamental?

Accepted Answer

Developing virtues as the foundation of ethical behavior

Answer

Prioritizing personal well-being above all

Answer

Challenging authority and societal norms

Question 22

Which of the following is a key principle of Confucian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Ren

Answer

Nirvana

Answer

Karma

Question 23

According to Daoist philosophy, the ultimate goal of morality is to:

Accepted Answer

Live in harmony with the Tao

Answer

Accumulate merit for a better afterlife

Answer

Attain enlightenment

Answer

Achieve a state of perfect virtue

Question 24

Which Buddhist concept emphasizes the idea that all things are interconnected and inter-dependent?

Accepted Answer

Pratītyasamutpāda

Answer

Nirvana

Answer

Karma

Answer

Samsara

Question 25

According to the Hindu concept of Dharma, one's purpose in life is to:

Accepted Answer

Fulfill one's duties and responsibilities

Answer

Accumulate wealth and power

Answer

Escape the cycle of rebirth

Answer

Seek personal happiness

Question 26

Which of the following is a criticism of the Divine Command Theory of morality?

Accepted Answer

It is circular and fails to provide a justification for God's commands

Answer

It is based on the assumption that God is benevolent

Answer

It is too restrictive and does not allow for individual freedom

Question 27

The idea that morality is based on human reason and experience is a central tenet of:

Accepted Answer

Natural Law Theory

Answer

Kantian Ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Question 28

Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of acting in accordance with one's conscience?

Accepted Answer

Deontological Ethics

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Consequentialist Ethics

Answer

Egoism

Question 29

The concept of 'face' in Confucian ethics refers to:

Accepted Answer

One's social status and reputation

Answer

One's relationship with nature

Answer

One's inner qualities

Answer

One's duty to God

Question 30

Which of the following is a key difference between Eastern and Western ethical perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Eastern ethics tends to emphasize social harmony and interdependence

Answer

Eastern ethics is more focused on religious principles

Answer

Western ethics places more importance on individual rights and freedoms

Question 31

The idea that the self is an illusion and that all beings are interconnected is a fundamental principle of:

Accepted Answer

Buddhism

Answer

Daoism

Answer

Hinduism

Answer

Confucianism