Sport and Social Class: Explore the Interplay in Physical Education

Question 1

How can government policies effectively promote social mobility through sport?

Accepted Answer

Make sport more accessible to disadvantaged communities.

Accepted Answer

Reduce financial barriers to sport participation for low-income families.

Answer

Focus solely on funding elite sport programs.

Answer

Enforce quotas for working-class athletes in professional sports.

Question 2

Which sociological perspective suggests that sport reinforces the current social structure by promoting values that support the established order?

Accepted Answer

Functionalist perspective

Answer

Marxist perspective

Answer

Symbolic interactionist perspective

Answer

Postmodern perspective

Question 3

How does cultural capital impact the challenges faced by working-class athletes seeking social mobility through sport?

Accepted Answer

Cultural capital grants access to networks and knowledge that aid in navigating the sporting world.

Answer

Cultural capital provides financial support for pursuing sport at higher levels.

Answer

Cultural capital has no influence on the challenges faced by working-class athletes.

Answer

Cultural capital only benefits working-class athletes with middle-class backgrounds.

Question 4

Symbolic violence in sport refers to the use of non-physical means to maintain social inequalities. How does symbolic violence shape perceptions and justify the existing social class structure?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic violence reinforces social inequalities by shaping perceptions and justifying the existing social class structure.

Answer

Symbolic violence only affects elite athletes, limiting their opportunities for success.

Answer

Symbolic violence has no impact on perceptions or social mobility in sport.

Question 5

Which sociological perspective emphasizes sport's role in maintaining societal norms and preventing deviance, particularly among the working class?

Accepted Answer

Functionalist perspective

Answer

Conflict perspective

Answer

Marxist perspective

Answer

Symbolic interactionist perspective

Question 6

A significant barrier faced by working-class athletes in the United Kingdom is:

Accepted Answer

Limited access to elite sporting institutions due to financial and geographical constraints.

Answer

Lack of motivation

Answer

Prejudice from peers

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of sport for individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds?

Accepted Answer

Providing guaranteed financial success

Answer

Enhancing job prospects

Answer

Developing leadership skills

Answer

Building social networks

Question 8

Which criticism of the functionalist perspective highlights its neglect of the influence of power dynamics in shaping sporting experiences?

Accepted Answer

It ignores the role of conflict and power relations in sport.

Answer

It assumes equal access to sport for all members of society.

Answer

It overemphasizes the positive aspects of sport.

Question 9

The conflict perspective on sport proposes that:

Accepted Answer

Sport reflects and perpetuates the existing class structure of society.

Answer

Sport is a fair competition where the most skilled athletes always succeed.

Answer

Sport is a positive force that brings people together

Question 10

Research suggests that in the United Kingdom:

Accepted Answer

Working-class athletes are less likely to participate in elite sports compared to middle-class athletes.

Answer

Sport has no significant impact on social class.

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential psychological benefit of sport for individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds?

Accepted Answer

Increased self-esteem and confidence

Answer

Guaranteed entry into prestigious universities

Answer

Automatic financial success

Answer

Complete elimination of social inequalities

Question 12

How does the Marxist perspective differ from the functionalist perspective in its view of sport?

Accepted Answer

It sees sport as a tool used by the dominant class to maintain control over the working class.

Answer

It views sport as a positive force for social change.

Answer

It emphasizes the importance of social mobility through sport.

Question 13

The symbolic interactionist perspective on sport argues that:

Accepted Answer

Sport is socially constructed and its meanings are shaped through interactions between individuals.

Answer

Sport is primarily driven by economic factors.

Answer

Sport is solely determined by biological characteristics.

Question 14

According to the functionalist perspective in sociology, how does sport contribute to society?

Accepted Answer

It promotes social mobility and reinforces social norms.

Answer

It has no significant social impact.

Answer

It creates social conflict and undermines social order.

Answer

It is a source of entertainment and leisure only.

Question 15

Which of the following is a significant challenge faced by working-class athletes?

Accepted Answer

Limited access to resources such as training facilities and coaching.

Answer

Professional training opportunities comparable to those of athletes from higher social classes.

Answer

High levels of support and encouragement from their communities.

Answer

A lack of recognition and appreciation for their athletic achievements.

Question 16

The conflict perspective in sociology suggests that sport:

Accepted Answer

Serves to maintain and reinforce existing social inequalities, benefiting the dominant social groups.

Answer

Can be used as a tool to challenge and overcome social inequalities.

Answer

Provides equal opportunities for social mobility to all participants, regardless of social class.

Answer

Is a neutral and impartial institution that does not reflect or perpetuate social inequalities.

Question 17

Which social class is most likely to have high levels of participation in elite sports?

Accepted Answer

Upper class

Answer

Lower class

Answer

Working class

Answer

Middle class

Question 18

Which of the following is not a potential benefit of sport for promoting social mobility?

Accepted Answer

Providing direct access to high-paying jobs

Answer

Creating opportunities for professional development and further education

Answer

Improving physical and mental health, increasing confidence and self-esteem

Answer

Developing leadership skills and teamwork abilities

Question 19

The term 'hidden curriculum' in the context of sport refers to:

Accepted Answer

The informal values, norms, and expectations that are transmitted through participation in sport, often beyond the explicit rules and regulations.

Answer

The specific skills and techniques that are taught and practiced in sport.

Answer

The formal rules and regulations that govern sport and ensure fair play.

Answer

The social and cultural context in which sport is played.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a stereotype commonly associated with working-class athletes?

Accepted Answer

Being physically aggressive and lacking intelligence.

Answer

Being highly disciplined and motivated.

Answer

Having strong leadership qualities.

Answer

Possessing exceptional athletic abilities.

Question 21

In what way can sport perpetuate social inequalities?

Accepted Answer

By legitimizing the dominance of certain social groups and reinforcing existing power structures.

Answer

By providing equal opportunities for all participants to achieve success.

Answer

By promoting social cohesion and unity.

Answer

By challenging and breaking down social barriers.

Question 22

Why is the sociological study of sport important?

Accepted Answer

It helps us understand the social and cultural significance of sport, its impact on individuals and society, and the role it plays in shaping social structures.

Answer

It is a requirement for all athletes who wish to compete at a professional level.

Answer

It promotes physical activity and healthy lifestyles.

Answer

It provides practical tips for improving athletic performance.

Question 23

A key criticism of the functionalist perspective on sport is that it:

Accepted Answer

Tends to oversimplify the role of sport in society and ignores the influence of power and inequality.

Answer

Has no significant limitations and is universally applicable to all societies.

Answer

Is based on rigorous empirical research and has been widely accepted by sociologists.

Answer

Provides a comprehensive and accurate account of all aspects of sport.

Question 24

Which of the following is a significant obstacle faced by working-class athletes striving for success in sport?

Accepted Answer

Limited access to elite training facilities and resources

Answer

Low motivation levels

Answer

Insufficient support from coaches

Answer

Lack of opportunities for fair competition

Question 25

Sport participation can potentially offer which benefit to individuals from working-class backgrounds?

Accepted Answer

Increased social mobility opportunities

Answer

Automatic academic achievement improvement

Answer

Assured reduction in unemployment rates

Answer

Guaranteed financial success

Question 26

Within the field of sociology, which subdiscipline specifically examines the interplay between social class and sport?

Accepted Answer

Sociology of Sport

Answer

Medical Sociology

Answer

Economic Sociology

Answer

Political Sociology

Question 27

Which factor contributes to the perpetuation of social class inequalities within the realm of sport?

Accepted Answer

Unequal distribution of resources and opportunities

Answer

Unfair or biased competition rules

Answer

Lack of government funding for sports programs

Answer

Prejudiced officiating

Question 28

One criticism of the 'sport as a social mobility elevator' theory is that it:

Accepted Answer

Tends to exaggerate the overall impact of sport on individual life chances

Answer

Underestimates the importance of athletic talent and skill

Answer

Neglects the role of social networks and connections in shaping athletic success

Question 29

Which stakeholder plays a pivotal role in addressing the issue of social class inequality in sport and promoting greater equity?

Accepted Answer

Sport governing bodies and organizations

Answer

Parents and families of athletes

Answer

Media outlets and journalists

Answer

Individual athletes themselves

Question 30

Which of the following is a potential solution to mitigate the influence of social class on sport participation?

Accepted Answer

Providing financial assistance and resources to underprivileged athletes

Answer

Prohibiting athletes from affluent backgrounds from participating in certain sports

Answer

Creating separate sports leagues exclusively for different social classes

Question 31

Research on sport and social class has consistently shown that:

Accepted Answer

Social class background is a significant factor in predicting sport participation and success

Answer

Social class has no influence on sport participation and outcomes

Answer

Sport only benefits individuals from wealthy backgrounds

Question 32

Which sociological perspective views sport as a mechanism for social mobility by providing opportunities for individuals to rise through social classes?

Accepted Answer

Functionalist

Answer

Feminist

Answer

Symbolic interactionist

Answer

Marxist

Question 33

Which of the following is a valid critique of the functionalist perspective on sport?

Accepted Answer

It overlooks the role of power, inequality, and conflict in shaping sport and its outcomes.

Answer

It is based on outdated research and does not reflect contemporary social realities

Answer

It overemphasizes the positive aspects of sport and ignores its potential for harm

Question 34

How can sport be effectively used as a tool for promoting social change and addressing social inequalities?

Accepted Answer

By fostering inclusivity, breaking down barriers, and challenging stereotypes through participation and representation

Answer

By creating employment opportunities for marginalized groups in the sports industry

Answer

By solely focusing on improving physical health and well-being without addressing social factors

Question 35

What is the concept of 'hidden curriculum' in relation to sport and physical activity?

Accepted Answer

The unspoken values, norms, and behaviours that are transmitted and reinforced through sport participation and socialization

Answer

The formal rules, strategies, and techniques that govern sports

Answer

The physical skills and abilities required to engage in different sports

Question 36

In what way does the media contribute to the construction and perpetuation of social class differences in sport?

Accepted Answer

By portraying working-class athletes as less talented, less deserving, or less capable than their more affluent counterparts

Answer

By criticizing the elitism and exclusivity that often exists within sports organizations

Answer

By providing positive role models and inspiring stories of athletes from diverse backgrounds

Question 37

What is a limitation of using quantitative data to study the complex relationship between sport and social class?

Accepted Answer

It can overlook the experiences, perspectives, and nuanced realities of individual athletes and their social contexts

Answer

It is difficult to collect accurate and reliable quantitative data on sport participation and outcomes

Answer

Quantitative data is often biased towards certain social groups and may not represent the full picture

Question 38

How can schools effectively promote social mobility and reduce social class disparities through sport?

Accepted Answer

By providing equal access to high-quality sports facilities, coaching, and opportunities for all students regardless of their socioeconomic background

Answer

By excluding students from disadvantaged backgrounds or limiting their participation in sports programs

Answer

By focusing solely on competitive success and elite sport programs

Question 39

According to the Functionalist Perspective, how does sport contribute to social mobility?

Accepted Answer

It provides a pathway for working-class athletes to advance their social status.

Answer

It promotes a sense of equality among athletes from all backgrounds.

Answer

It reinforces existing social class distinctions.

Answer

It has no significant impact on social mobility.

Question 40

The Marxist Perspective on sport and social class emphasizes that sport:

Accepted Answer

Perpetuates class inequality by diverting attention from the underlying causes of social injustice.

Answer

Has no significant relationship to social class.

Answer

Promotes social mobility by providing opportunities for working-class athletes to succeed.

Answer

Reinforces the importance of teamwork and cooperation among athletes.

Question 41

Which of the following challenges is commonly faced by working-class athletes?

Accepted Answer

Limited access to high-quality training facilities and resources.

Answer

Inability to balance sports with academic or work responsibilities.

Answer

Lack of motivation and commitment to training.

Answer

Negative stereotypes and biases from society.

Question 42

How can sport be leveraged to promote social mobility?

Accepted Answer

By providing scholarships and opportunities for underprivileged athletes to participate in elite sports programs.

Answer

By increasing the number of sports leagues and competitions.

Answer

By reducing the cost of sports equipment and facilities.

Answer

By mandating that all athletes attend college.

Question 43

The media's coverage of sports can:

Accepted Answer

Shape perceptions of sport and social class, reinforcing stereotypes and biases.

Answer

Only focus on the athletic achievements of athletes, regardless of their social background.

Answer

Provide accurate and unbiased information about the backgrounds of athletes.

Answer

Have no influence on how the public views the relationship between sport and social class.

Question 44

How does sport reflect and reinforce social class divisions?

Accepted Answer

The participation rates and success of athletes in certain sports can vary based on socioeconomic factors.

Answer

Only elite sports are influenced by social class.

Answer

Sport is completely unrelated to social class and does not influence it.

Answer

All sports provide equal opportunities for athletes from all social classes.

Question 45

Why is it important to consider race and gender when discussing sport and social class?

Accepted Answer

Race and gender can intersect with social class to create unique experiences and challenges for athletes.

Answer

Race and gender are not relevant factors in the relationship between sport and social class.

Answer

Race and gender only affect athletes from marginalized communities.

Answer

Only social class has a significant impact on an athlete's experiences.

Question 46

How can physical education contribute to addressing social class inequalities in sport?

Accepted Answer

By ensuring that all students have equal opportunities to participate in a variety of sports and physical activities.

Answer

By excluding students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds from participating in sports.

Answer

By providing additional resources and support to students from wealthy families.

Answer

By focusing on identifying and training only the most talented athletes.

Question 47

Which approach to promoting social mobility through sport is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Creating pathways for athletes to access higher education and professional opportunities beyond sports.

Answer

Perpetuating negative stereotypes about athletes from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

Answer

Emphasizing only athletic ability and ignoring the role of social class.

Answer

Limiting opportunities for working-class athletes to participate in sports.

Question 48

According to Bourdieu, what is 'cultural capital' in the context of sports?

Accepted Answer

The knowledge, skills, and values that are valued in a particular sport, which can be influenced by social background.

Answer

The financial resources available to individuals to participate in sports.

Answer

The physical abilities and genetic predispositions that contribute to athletic success.

Answer

The social connections and networks that can help athletes advance in their careers.

Question 49

How can limited access to sports facilities in working-class areas affect social mobility?

Accepted Answer

It can limit opportunities for talent identification and development, making it harder for working-class individuals to achieve success in sport and potentially limiting their social mobility.

Answer

It has little impact on social mobility, as talent and hard work are the primary factors for success in sport.

Answer

It encourages working-class individuals to pursue other leisure activities.

Question 50

Which of the following sports is often perceived as being more accessible to individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds?

Accepted Answer

Boxing

Answer

Sailing

Answer

Equestrianism

Answer

Golf

Question 51

How can media representations of sports and athletes reinforce social class stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

By focusing on the achievements of elite athletes from privileged backgrounds while often neglecting the stories and successes of working-class athletes.

Answer

By promoting diversity and inclusion in sports coverage.

Answer

By providing equal coverage to all sports, regardless of their popularity or social class association.

Question 52

What is meant by the term 'sporting habitus'?

Accepted Answer

The ingrained attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that are associated with a particular sport or social group within sport, often influenced by social background.

Answer

The physical adaptations that occur as a result of participating in a specific sport.

Answer

The rules and regulations of a particular sport.

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of how sport can be used as a tool for social mobility?

Accepted Answer

A talented athlete from a disadvantaged background earns a scholarship to a prestigious university, providing access to education and potentially a better future.

Answer

A retired professional athlete becomes a successful businessperson, utilizing their fame and connections.

Answer

A group of friends from the same neighborhood play football together for recreation.

Question 54

What is meant by the term 'meritocracy' in the context of sport?

Accepted Answer

The idea that success in sport is primarily determined by talent, effort, and dedication, regardless of social background, though critics argue that social factors can still play a significant role.

Answer

The idea that athletes should be financially rewarded based on their performance and marketability.

Answer

The practice of selecting athletes for national teams based on their athletic achievements.

Question 55

Which of the following government policies could help address social class inequalities in sports participation?

Accepted Answer

Investing in public sports facilities and programs in disadvantaged communities, making sports more accessible and affordable for those from lower socio-economic backgrounds.

Answer

Building large stadiums and arenas to host major sporting events.

Answer

Providing tax breaks to corporations that sponsor professional sports teams.

Question 56

How can schools contribute to challenging social class inequalities in sport?

Accepted Answer

By offering a wide range of sports and physical activities that are accessible to all students, regardless of their background or ability, and by providing opportunities for talent development.

Answer

By focusing primarily on competitive sports and identifying talented athletes for elite pathways.

Answer

By encouraging students to participate in sports that are popular within their social class.

Question 57

What can be a potential consequence of the overrepresentation of certain social classes in particular sports?

Accepted Answer

It can reinforce existing social hierarchies, limit opportunities for social mobility for individuals from less privileged backgrounds, and create a perception that certain sports are exclusive to certain groups.

Answer

It leads to increased competition and a higher overall standard of performance in those sports.

Answer

It promotes diversity and inclusion within those sports.