Sport and Society: Impact on Culture and Social Dynamics

Question 1

Which sociological theory places central emphasis on the role of conflict, power dynamics, and social inequality in shaping sport?

Accepted Answer

Marxism

Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Feminism

Question 2

The concept of 'sporting habitus' introduced by Pierre Bourdieu suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Sport preferences and practices are significantly influenced by social and cultural factors.

Answer

Sport participation is solely determined by inherent physical abilities.

Answer

Elite athletes possess an innate psychological advantage that drives their success.

Answer

Sport is a universal phenomenon that exists independently of cultural contexts.

Question 3

The term 'sportwashing' refers to the practice of:

Accepted Answer

Utilizing sport to advance political agendas and enhance national image.

Answer

Using sport to promote public health and well-being.

Answer

Harnessing sport to generate economic revenue and attract investment.

Answer

Leveraging sport to raise awareness for environmental issues.

Question 4

The 'socio-cultural model of sport participation' emphasizes the:

Accepted Answer

Influence of social and cultural factors on individuals' involvement in sport.

Answer

Role of genetics and biological predispositions in determining sport participation.

Answer

Importance of individual motivation and personal goals in shaping sport involvement.

Answer

Primacy of physical and physiological factors in driving sport participation.

Question 5

Which sociologist coined the term 'reflexive modernization' in the context of sport and identity?

Accepted Answer

Anthony Giddens

Answer

Pierre Bourdieu

Answer

Erving Goffman

Answer

Max Weber

Question 6

Which theory in sociology of sport suggests that sport reinforces existing social inequalities?

Accepted Answer

Conflict Theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer

Feminist Theory

Question 7

Which feminist perspective in sociology of sport emphasizes the unique experiences of women in sport and the impact of gender on their participation?

Accepted Answer

Difference Feminism

Answer

Liberal Feminism

Answer

Radical Feminism

Answer

Socialist Feminism

Question 8

In what way does sport contribute to personal development?

Accepted Answer

It fosters self-discipline, teamwork, and leadership skills.

Answer

It provides opportunities for travel and competition.

Answer

It guarantees physical health and fitness.

Question 9

What is the process by which sport becomes a dominant and influential force in shaping societal values and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Sportization

Answer

Commodification

Answer

Institutionalization

Question 10

Which of the following is not a sociological perspective commonly applied to the study of sport?

Accepted Answer

Biological perspective

Answer

Conflict perspective

Answer

Interactionist perspective

Answer

Functionalist perspective

Question 11

In what way can sport serve as a catalyst for positive social change?

Accepted Answer

By fostering inclusivity, challenging stereotypes, and promoting understanding among diverse groups.

Answer

By solely increasing physical activity levels and improving public health.

Answer

By generating substantial revenue for professional athletes and sports organizations.

Question 12

How does sport serve as a reflection of the values and beliefs held by a particular society?

Accepted Answer

Through its rules, rituals, symbols, and the behaviors exhibited by athletes and spectators.

Answer

Through the economic benefits it generates for businesses and governments.

Answer

Through the physical demands it places on participants, promoting fitness and athleticism.

Question 13

The functionalist perspective on sport has been criticized primarily for:

Accepted Answer

Overemphasizing the positive functions of sport while downplaying its potential for perpetuating inequality and social conflict.

Answer

Being overly deterministic and neglecting the role of individual agency in shaping sporting practices and outcomes.

Question 14

In what way can sport contribute to fostering a sense of community and social cohesion?

Accepted Answer

By providing opportunities for individuals from diverse backgrounds to interact, collaborate, and build relationships.

Answer

By reinforcing existing social hierarchies and divisions, exacerbating inequalities.

Answer

By promoting intense competition and rivalry among individuals and groups, leading to social fragmentation.

Question 15

Which of the following is a notable example of the increasing commercialization of sport in recent decades?

Accepted Answer

The sale of broadcasting rights for major sporting events to television networks and streaming services.

Answer

The use of sport to raise awareness and promote public health initiatives.

Answer

The development and expansion of grassroots sports programs aimed at increasing participation.

Question 16

How does the media play a significant role in shaping our perceptions of sport, athletes, and athletic performance?

Accepted Answer

By influencing our views on what constitutes success, failure, and appropriate behavior in the sporting arena.

Answer

By providing completely objective and unbiased information about sporting events and athletes.

Answer

By solely promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyles, encouraging participation in sports.

Question 17

Which sociological perspective conceives sport as a microcosm of society, reflecting its values and norms?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Feminism

Answer

Marxism

Answer

Postmodernism

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a sociological perspective on deviance in sport?

Accepted Answer

Biological determinism

Answer

Anomie theory

Answer

Strain theory

Answer

Labelling theory

Question 19

How does sport contribute to social cohesion?

Accepted Answer

By fostering a sense of belonging and shared identity among participants and spectators alike.

Answer

By promoting individualism and competition, leading to divisions and conflicts between different groups.

Answer

By providing a platform for social and political activism, potentially fueling societal unrest.

Question 20

How does the media play a significant role in shaping our perceptions of sport and athletes?

Accepted Answer

By constructing narratives and images that influence our opinions, shape our understanding, and create cultural representations of athletes and the sporting world.

Answer

By providing unbiased and objective information, allowing individuals to form their own unbiased opinions about sport and athletes.

Answer

By having no significant impact on our perceptions of sport and athletes, as individuals rely solely on their personal experiences and observations to form their opinions.

Question 21

How has technology impacted the practice and consumption of sport?

Accepted Answer

By enhancing performance, improving access, and creating new opportunities for participation, engagement, and innovation in sport.

Answer

By replacing traditional forms of sport participation and diminishing the physicality and authenticity of the sporting experience.

Answer

By having no significant impact on the practice and consumption of sport, as traditional methods and values remain dominant.

Question 22

How does sport play a role in promoting international cooperation and understanding?

Accepted Answer

By bringing together individuals from diverse nations in peaceful competition, fostering cross-cultural exchange, and promoting dialogue and cooperation.

Answer

By fostering cultural isolation and prejudice, as nationalistic sentiments and rivalries can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings.

Answer

By increasing tensions and conflicts between nations, as sporting events can ignite political tensions and exacerbate existing animosities.

Question 23

Which sociological theory proposes that sport reflects the dominant values and beliefs within a society?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Marxism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Question 24

According to conflict theory, which social class primarily benefits from sport?

Accepted Answer

Ruling class

Answer

Working class

Answer

All social classes

Answer

Middle class

Question 25

What is the central argument of the subculture of violence theory?

Accepted Answer

Sport can foster aggression and violence.

Answer

Sport has no effect on aggression and violence.

Answer

Sport is a safe outlet for aggression and violence.

Question 26

Which factor does NOT contribute to unequal opportunities in sport?

Accepted Answer

Cultural diversity

Answer

Gender

Answer

Disability

Answer

Socioeconomic status

Question 27

What is the primary role of the media in shaping public perceptions of sport?

Accepted Answer

To amplify and spread images and narratives about sport

Answer

To provide unbiased and objective reporting on sport

Answer

To promote ethical practices in sport

Question 28

What is a primary criticism of the concept of 'fair play' in sport?

Accepted Answer

It is subjective and differs across cultures

Answer

It only applies to elite sport

Answer

It is irrelevant in modern sport

Answer

It is a universally accepted concept

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of sport participation for individuals?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of injury

Answer

Improved physical health

Answer

Reduced stress levels

Answer

Enhanced social connections

Question 30

What is the primary aim of sport policy?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the availability and accessibility of sport for all

Answer

To maximize sporting success at international level

Answer

To regulate professional sport

Question 31

Which term refers to the commercial exploitation of sport for profit?

Accepted Answer

Sport commercialization

Answer

Sport globalization

Answer

Sport marketing

Answer

Sport sponsorship

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of the 'sport as a commodity' perspective?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on the intrinsic value of sport

Answer

Commercialization and profit-making

Answer

Exploitation of athletes

Answer

Media influence and branding

Question 33

The concept of 'hegemonic masculinity' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The dominant and culturally accepted norms of masculinity

Answer

The influence of men on sports leadership and decision-making.

Answer

The belief that sport is only for the elite

Answer

The idea that women are naturally superior to men in sports

Question 34

Which of the following is a positive impact of sport on society?

Accepted Answer

Improved physical health and well-being

Answer

Social isolation

Answer

Increased crime rates

Answer

Environmental degradation

Question 35

Which of the following is a characteristic of postmodern sport?

Accepted Answer

Fragmentation and diversity of sports experiences

Answer

Emphasis on national pride and competition

Answer

Rigorous adherence to traditional rules and values

Answer

Domination by a small number of elite athletes

Question 36

The concept of 'sport for development' focuses on using sport as a tool for:

Accepted Answer

Promoting social change and empowering communities

Answer

Entertaining spectators

Answer

Generating revenue for sporting organizations

Answer

Achieving sporting excellence

Question 37

Which of the following is an example of the 'medicalization' of sport?

Accepted Answer

The use of performance-enhancing drugs

Answer

The increased use of technology in sports

Answer

The adoption of healthy diets and lifestyles by athletes

Answer

The development of new training methods

Question 38

The 'spectatorization' of sport refers to:

Accepted Answer

The increasing focus on viewing sport as entertainment

Answer

The growing dominance of elite athletes

Answer

The rise of online sports communities

Answer

The decline in participation in physical activity

Question 39

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the symbolic significance of sport and its role in shaping cultural values and beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer

Marxism

Answer

Feminism

Answer

Functionalism

Question 40

How does sport contribute to social mobility in some societies?

Accepted Answer

Providing opportunities for individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds to excel and achieve success.

Answer

Promoting equal access to opportunities for all individuals regardless of background.

Answer

Reinforcing existing social hierarchies and perpetuating inequalities.

Answer

Having no significant impact on social mobility.

Question 41

Which term refers to the idea that sport reflects and reinforces the values and norms of a society?

Accepted Answer

Cultural Reproduction

Answer

Social Control

Answer

Deviance

Answer

Socialization

Question 42

A weakness of the functionalist view of sport is that it:

Accepted Answer

Focuses too much on the good things about sport and ignores potential problems.

Answer

Doesn't consider how individuals can shape sport.

Question 43

Sport can create positive change by:

Accepted Answer

Encouraging values like teamwork, acceptance, and fair play.

Answer

Creating chances for businesses to make money.

Answer

Shifting focus from important social problems.

Question 44

How does sport help shape who we are and how we connect with others?

Accepted Answer

It lets us learn about ourselves, build friendships, and feel part of a group.

Answer

It makes negative stereotypes and biases even stronger.

Question 45

Sport can make society more inclusive by:

Accepted Answer

Giving everyone a chance to take part in and enjoy sport.

Answer

Only allowing people with certain abilities to participate.

Answer

Making existing social divisions even stronger.

Question 46

Which sociological theory highlights the impact of social class on sporting opportunities and participation?

Accepted Answer

Conflict Theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer

Social Exchange Theory

Question 47

Which of these is NOT a key feature of a 'spectator sport'?

Accepted Answer

Focus on individual achievement over team success

Answer

Extensive media coverage

Answer

Heavy commercialization and sponsorship

Question 48

What does the term 'sportswashing' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Using sports events to improve a country's image despite human rights issues.

Answer

The influence of social media on sports.

Answer

The increasing global popularity of sports.

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of 'cultural capital' related to sport?

Accepted Answer

Being able to talk about and analyze sporting events with friends.

Answer

Winning a local sporting competition.

Answer

Having access to good quality sports facilities.

Question 50

The idea of 'gendered sporting cultures' means:

Accepted Answer

Different expectations and norms for men and women in sport.

Answer

The use of technology to improve athletic performance.

Answer

The increasing number of female athletes in professional sports.

Question 51

The 'commodification of sport' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The growing importance of profit and business interests in sport.

Answer

The use of technology to improve athletic performance.

Answer

The growth of community-based sports programs.

Question 52

What is the main goal of 'sports governance'?

Accepted Answer

To ensure fair play, ethical behaviour, and safety in sports.

Answer

To promote the financial interests of professional sports leagues.

Answer

To control media coverage of sporting events.

Question 53

Which of the following shows how sport can strengthen national identity?

Accepted Answer

Playing the national anthem at major sporting events.

Answer

The use of technology to improve athletic performance.

Answer

The rise of international sports federations.