Basal Ganglia and Movement Disorders: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which symptom is NOT characteristic of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle strength

Answer

Slowness of movement

Answer

Resting tremor

Answer

Muscle rigidity

Question 2

Which neurodegenerative disorder is primarily associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Dystonia

Question 3

Which genetic mutation is associated with Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene

Answer

Missense mutation in the LRRK2 gene

Answer

Deletion in the dystrophin gene

Answer

Duplication in the alpha-synuclein gene

Question 4

Which pharmacological intervention is commonly used to treat Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Levodopa

Answer

Botulinum toxin

Answer

Physical therapy

Answer

Deep brain stimulation

Question 5

What is the primary function of the subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory modulation of the globus pallidus interna

Answer

Regulation of eye movements

Answer

Excitation of the substantia nigra pars compacta

Answer

Processing of sensory information

Question 6

Which of the following is a common symptom of dystonia?

Accepted Answer

Involuntary sustained or repetitive muscle contractions

Answer

Cognitive impairment

Answer

Bradykinesia

Answer

Tremor

Question 7

What is the primary neurochemical dysfunction in Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

Excitotoxicity caused by excessive glutamate release

Answer

Acetylcholine deficiency

Answer

Dopamine depletion

Answer

Serotonin imbalance

Question 8

In Parkinson's disease, the neurotransmitter most affected is:

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Question 9

Which component of the basal ganglia is responsible for suppressing movement?

Accepted Answer

Globus pallidus interna (GPi)

Answer

Putamen

Answer

Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)

Answer

Caudate nucleus

Question 10

The characteristic symptom of Huntington's disease is:

Accepted Answer

Involuntary movements (chorea)

Answer

Bradykinesia

Answer

Rigidity

Answer

Tremors

Question 11

The circuit within the basal ganglia that facilitates movement is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Direct pathway

Answer

Ventral pallidum pathway

Answer

Indirect pathway

Answer

Hyperdirect pathway

Question 12

Which medication is commonly used to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Levodopa

Answer

Valproic acid

Answer

Lithium

Answer

Carbamazepine

Question 13

A known risk factor for Parkinson's disease is:

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Diet

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Gender

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter deficiency is primarily associated with Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Question 15

What is the primary role of the basal ganglia in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Coordination and initiation of movement

Answer

Formation of long-term memories

Answer

Processing of sensory information

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 16

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Globus pallidus

Answer

Putamen

Answer

Caudate nucleus

Question 17

What is the characteristic movement disorder associated with Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

Chorea

Answer

Dystonia

Answer

Tremor

Answer

Bradykinesia

Question 18

Which type of neuron in the basal ganglia is responsible for inhibiting thalamic output via GABAergic neurotransmission?

Accepted Answer

GABAergic

Answer

Cholinergic

Answer

Glutamatergic

Answer

Dopaminergic

Question 19

Which of the following treatments is primarily utilized to manage the symptoms of Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

Palliative care

Answer

Deep brain stimulation

Answer

Levodopa therapy

Answer

Botulinum toxin injections

Question 20

What is the name of the surgical intervention that can alleviate motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease by modulating brain activity?

Accepted Answer

Deep brain stimulation

Answer

Ablative surgery

Answer

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Answer

Vagus nerve stimulation

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a component of the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Caudate nucleus

Answer

Globus pallidus

Answer

Substantia nigra

Question 22

What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Regulating and refining movement

Answer

Forming long-term memories

Answer

Processing sensory information

Answer

Controlling heart rate and breathing

Question 23

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Resting tremor

Answer

Progressive muscle weakness

Answer

Loss of sensation

Answer

Involuntary jerking movements

Question 24

The degeneration of which neurons in the substantia nigra is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine-producing neurons

Answer

Glutamate-producing neurons

Answer

Serotonin-producing neurons

Answer

Acetylcholine-producing neurons

Question 25

A patient with a lesion in the basal ganglia might experience:

Accepted Answer

Difficulty initiating and controlling movements

Answer

Inability to speak

Answer

Impaired sense of touch

Answer

Loss of vision

Question 26

Which of the following is a common pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Levodopa

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer

Antidepressants

Question 27

The basal ganglia is involved in:

Accepted Answer

Both motor and cognitive functions

Answer

Neither motor nor cognitive functions

Answer

Only motor functions

Answer

Only cognitive functions

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a direct output pathway from the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Substantia nigra pars reticulata

Answer

Globus pallidus internus

Answer

Internal capsule