Food and Chronic Diseases: Impact on Health and Prevention

Question 1

Which food is rich in antioxidants?

Accepted Answer

Berries

Answer

White bread

Answer

Processed meat

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a balanced diet?

Accepted Answer

Excess

Answer

Variety

Answer

Adequacy

Answer

Balance

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a chronic disease that can be influenced by diet?

Accepted Answer

Stroke

Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Cancer

Question 4

What is a key component of a balanced diet that helps prevent chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables

Answer

High intake of saturated fats

Answer

Excessive consumption of sugary drinks

Answer

Limited intake of whole grains

Question 5

What is a common dietary recommendation for individuals with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean-style diet

Answer

High-glycemic index diet

Answer

Low-carbohydrate diet

Answer

Ketogenic diet

Question 6

Which of the following is a potential health consequence of excessive salt intake?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of heart disease

Answer

Tooth decay

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 7

How does sodium (salt) intake contribute to the development of chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Both (A) and (C)

Answer

It increases blood pressure

Answer

It promotes fluid retention

Answer

It damages blood vessels

Question 8

What is the primary role of antioxidants in the context of chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

To neutralise free radicals

Answer

To repair damaged cells

Answer

To enhance immune function

Answer

To reduce inflammation

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of a healthy weight management plan?

Accepted Answer

Both (B) and (C)

Answer

It focuses primarily on calorie restriction

Answer

It incorporates a variety of nutrient-dense foods

Answer

It includes regular physical activity

Question 10

Which dietary component is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases due to its ability to trigger inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fat

Answer

Dietary fiber

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 11

How do omega-3 fatty acids protect against heart disease? Explain the specific mechanisms involved.

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation, improve blood vessel function, and lower the risk of blood clots.

Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure, but they have no significant impact on inflammation or blood clotting.

Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids are primarily beneficial for brain and eye health, but they do not have specific protective effects against heart disease.

Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids increase cholesterol levels, which can lead to an increased risk of heart disease.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer?

Accepted Answer

High levels of education

Answer

Poor dietary choices

Answer

Physical inactivity

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Question 13

According to the NHS, what is the recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetables for adults?

Accepted Answer

5-a-day

Answer

2-3 portions

Answer

7-a-week

Answer

10-a-day

Question 14

Which type of fat is considered beneficial for heart health and is found in foods such as olive oil and avocados?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fat

Answer

Saturated fat

Answer

Trans fat

Answer

Hydrogenated fat

Question 15

What is the primary cause of type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to the effects of insulin

Answer

Insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas

Answer

Lack of physical activity

Answer

Genetic factors

Question 16

According to the NHS, what is the recommended daily intake of salt for adults?

Accepted Answer

2-3 grams

Answer

5-6 grams

Answer

7-8 grams

Answer

10-12 grams

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential benefit of reducing saturated fat intake in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Lowered risk of heart disease

Answer

Improved blood sugar control

Answer

Increased energy levels

Answer

Weight loss

Question 18

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body

Answer

Transporting nutrients around the body

Answer

Eliminating waste products

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT considered a major chronic disease linked to inadequate nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Cancer

Question 20

What is a fundamental element of a balanced diet for preventing chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Sufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables

Answer

High intake of saturated fats

Answer

Minimal intake of whole grains

Answer

Excessive sugar consumption

Question 21

How does obesity contribute to the development of chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

By increasing inflammation throughout the body

Answer

By lowering blood pressure

Answer

By reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes

Answer

By improving heart function

Question 22

Which of the following lifestyle factors is known to help reduce the risk of chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical exercise

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Poor sleep quality

Question 23

Which vitamin is essential for maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 24

What type of fiber is associated with lower cholesterol levels and improved blood sugar control?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber

Answer

Insoluble fiber

Answer

Resistant starch

Answer

Functional fiber

Question 25

Which of the following foods is a rich source of antioxidants?

Accepted Answer

Berries

Answer

White bread

Answer

Processed meats

Answer

Sugary drinks

Question 26

How does the glycemic index (GI) of food affect blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Low-GI foods cause blood sugar levels to rise more slowly than high-GI foods

Answer

High-GI foods cause blood sugar levels to rise more slowly than low-GI foods

Answer

GI has no significant impact on blood sugar levels

Answer

GI is only relevant for individuals with diabetes

Question 27

How do lifestyle factors affect the risk of developing chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

They can modify the risk.

Answer

They have no influence.

Answer

They solely determine the risk.

Answer

They impact everyone equally.

Question 28

How effective are changes to a person's diet at preventing or managing long-term illnesses?

Accepted Answer

Changing your diet can be helpful but has both benefits and drawbacks in preventing or managing long-term illnesses.

Answer

Changing your diet always prevents or manages long-term illnesses.

Answer

Changing your diet has no effect on long-term illnesses.

Answer

Changing your diet should be the only way to prevent or manage long-term illnesses.

Question 29

To prevent chronic diseases, dietary fiber is essential. Name three excellent sources of fiber and state the recommended daily intake for adults.

Accepted Answer

Oats, whole-grain bread, fruits, and vegetables; 25-30 grams per day

Answer

White bread, potatoes, pasta; 15-20 grams per day

Answer

Meat, fish, dairy; 10-15 grams per day

Question 30

What is the most accurate definition of nutrient density?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of essential nutrients to calories in a food

Answer

The variety of nutrients in a food

Answer

The percentage of a food's weight that is made up of essential nutrients

Answer

The amount of nutrients the body can absorb and use

Question 31

Which of the following is a significant modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer?

Accepted Answer

Diet

Answer

Age

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Stress

Question 32

What is a key component of a balanced diet that can help prevent type 2 diabetes and promote overall health?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains

Answer

Red meat

Answer

Processed foods

Answer

Sugary drinks

Question 33

According to dietary guidelines, what is the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables for adults to promote good health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

5 portions

Answer

2-3 portions

Answer

7 portions

Answer

9 portions

Question 34

What is a key characteristic of the traditional Mediterranean diet that contributes to its health benefits?

Accepted Answer

Rich in fibre

Answer

High in saturated fats

Answer

Low in fruit and vegetables

Answer

High in processed foods

Question 35

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for heart and brain health?

Accepted Answer

Oily fish

Answer

Red meat

Answer

Eggs

Answer

Dairy products

Question 36

What is the primary function of dietary fibre in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Promotes gut health and regularity

Answer

Provides energy

Answer

Regulates blood sugar levels

Answer

Builds muscle tissue

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a chronic disease that has been linked to poor diet?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Cancer

Question 38

A balanced diet should include:

Accepted Answer

A variety of food groups in recommended proportions

Answer

Large portions of processed foods

Answer

Minimal intake of fruits and vegetables

Answer

High levels of saturated fats

Question 39

Which nutrient is essential for maintaining heart health?

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids

Answer

Iron

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 40

The '5-a-day' recommendation refers to:

Accepted Answer

The number of portions of fruits and vegetables you should consume each day

Answer

The maximum daily intake of sugar in grams

Answer

The recommended daily exercise time in minutes

Answer

The ideal number of hours of sleep per night

Question 41

Which cooking method is generally considered to be healthier?

Accepted Answer

Roasting

Answer

Frying

Answer

Deep-frying

Answer

Microwaving

Question 42

Processed foods are often high in:

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Answer

Fibre

Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Healthy fats

Question 43

What is a potential consequence of poor nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A weakened immune system

Answer

Reduced risk of chronic diseases

Answer

Increased energy levels

Answer

Improved cognitive function

Question 44

The glycemic index (GI) measures:

Accepted Answer

The rate at which carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed by the body

Answer

The amount of protein in a food

Answer

The calorie content of a food

Answer

The vitamin content of a food

Question 45

According to current dietary guidelines, what is the recommended daily intake of added sugar for adults?

Accepted Answer

Less than 6 teaspoons

Answer

Around 12 teaspoons

Answer

Up to 18 teaspoons

Answer

There is no recommended limit

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a chronic disease that can be influenced by diet?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Kidney Disease

Question 47

A diet high in which of the following has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fat

Answer

Fiber

Answer

Whole grains

Answer

Fruits

Question 48

Which of the following food groups is recommended to be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet to reduce the risk of chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Dairy products

Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Whole grains

Answer

Lean meat and poultry

Question 49

True or False: Consuming a diet rich in antioxidants can help protect against the development of cancer.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 50

Which of the following is a potential consequence of a diet deficient in calcium?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Muscle cramps

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Skin irritation

Question 51

True or False: Following a vegan diet automatically ensures a healthy intake of all essential nutrients.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 52

Which of the following food additives has been linked to an increased risk of hyperactivity in children?

Accepted Answer

Sodium benzoate

Answer

Potassium sorbate

Answer

Ascorbic acid

Answer

Citric acid