Cancer: Types, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options

Question 1

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Smoking tobacco products

Answer

Maintaining a balanced diet

Answer

Participating in regular exercise

Answer

Obtaining sufficient sleep

Question 2

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for developing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 3

What is a known risk factor for developing lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to secondhand smoke

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Eating a healthy diet

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a primary type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Myeloma

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Melanoma

Question 5

What is the most significant risk factor for developing lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Exposure to asbestos

Answer

Poor diet

Answer

Lack of exercise

Question 6

Which of the following is a surgical treatment option for cancer?

Accepted Answer

Surgery

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Hormone therapy

Question 7

What is the main purpose of cancer screening?

Accepted Answer

Early detection to improve treatment outcomes

Answer

Preventing cancer from developing

Answer

Eliminating all cases of cancer

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced immune function

Answer

Hair loss

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Nausea

Question 9

What is the term for cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body?

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Primary tumour

Answer

Benign tumour

Answer

Carcinogenesis

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary risk factor for developing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Tobacco smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 11

What is the primary goal of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate cancer cells

Answer

To alleviate pain and discomfort

Answer

To strengthen the immune system

Answer

To prevent the spread of cancer

Question 12

Why is early detection of cancer crucial in improving patient outcomes?

Accepted Answer

It increases the likelihood of successful treatment and reduces mortality

Answer

It lowers the overall cost of cancer care

Answer

It eliminates the need for further testing and monitoring

Answer

It guarantees a complete cure for all types of cancer

Question 13

Which of the following is a type of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Question 14

What is the primary mechanism of action of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

Activating the patient's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells

Answer

Directly destroying cancer cells through radiation

Answer

Repairing damaged DNA in cancer cells

Answer

Preventing the formation of new blood vessels that supply tumors

Question 15

How does cancer impact society and the economy? Consider factors like healthcare costs, workforce productivity, and family relationships.

Accepted Answer

Cancer impacts healthcare costs, workforce productivity, and family relationships.

Answer

Cancer only affects the physical health of patients.

Answer

Cancer mainly affects the healthcare system and workforce productivity.

Answer

Cancer strengthens social connections and support networks.

Question 16

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for cancer that you can change?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Question 17

Which study design offers the least reliable evidence for preventing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Answer

Case-control study

Answer

Cohort study

Question 18

How does immunotherapy work, and what are its potential effects on cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

Blocks immune checkpoints, allowing immune cells to attack cancer cells

Answer

Targets specific molecules on cancer cells

Answer

Uses radiation to kill cancer cells

Answer

Uses hormones to control cancer growth

Question 19

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for developing cancer?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Age

Answer

Family history

Answer

Exposure to radiation

Question 20

What type of cancer originates from connective tissues, such as bone and cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Melanoma

Question 21

What is the main purpose of cancer screening programs?

Accepted Answer

To diagnose cancer in its early stages when treatment is most effective

Answer

To prevent cancer from developing

Answer

To treat cancer once it has been diagnosed

Answer

To monitor the spread of cancer

Question 22

Which type of radiation therapy delivers a high dose of radiation directly to the tumor from inside the body?

Accepted Answer

Brachytherapy

Answer

Cryotherapy

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Hormone therapy

Question 23

What is the primary aim of palliative care in cancer management?

Accepted Answer

To improve the quality of life for patients with advanced cancer

Answer

To cure cancer

Answer

To prevent cancer from spreading

Answer

To monitor cancer progression

Question 24

Which organization in the UK provides support and information to cancer patients and their families?

Accepted Answer

Macmillan Cancer Support

Answer

Cancer Research UK

Answer

NHS

Answer

British Red Cross

Question 25

Which type of cancer is the most common among women in the UK?

Accepted Answer

Breast cancer

Answer

Lung cancer

Answer

Bowel cancer

Answer

Skin cancer

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a well-established risk factor for cancer?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Exposure to harmful chemicals

Question 27

Which type of cancer originates in blood-forming tissues and affects the production of blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Lung cancer

Answer

Breast cancer

Answer

Prostate cancer

Question 28

Which combination of symptoms is commonly associated with cancer?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue and weight loss

Answer

Headaches and nausea

Answer

Fever and chills

Answer

Skin rash and joint pain

Question 29

What is the term used to describe the process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body?

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Recurrence

Answer

Progression

Answer

Remission

Question 30

Which imaging test is commonly used for early detection of breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

Mammogram

Answer

Pap smear

Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 31

What is the term for a state of cancer remission where no evidence of the disease can be detected?

Accepted Answer

Complete response

Answer

Partial response

Answer

Stable disease

Answer

Progressive disease

Question 32

What is the term for the abnormal cell growth that characterizes cancer?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumor

Answer

Benign tumor

Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Carcinogen

Question 33

Which of the following is a common type of skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Lung cancer

Answer

Breast cancer

Question 34

What is the process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body called?

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Angiogenesis

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Differentiation

Question 35

What is the term for a cancer that originates in the blood or bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Carcinoma

Question 36

What is the protein that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from DNA damage?

Accepted Answer

p53

Answer

BRCA1

Answer

HER2

Answer

EGFR

Question 37

What is the term for the emotional and psychological impact of cancer on individuals and their families?

Accepted Answer

Cancer distress

Answer

Cancer stigma

Answer

Cancer survivorship

Answer

Palliative care

Question 38

What is the term for the uncontrolled proliferation and spread of abnormal cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

Malignancy

Answer

Benignancy

Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Carcinogenesis

Question 39

Which lifestyle factor can be changed and is the main cause of various cancers?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Diet

Answer

Exercise

Answer

Drinking alcohol

Question 40

In cancer treatment, precision medicine uses molecular profiling to guide personalized treatment strategies. Explain this concept.

Accepted Answer

Precision medicine identifies specific genetic mutations or molecular alterations in a patient's tumor using molecular profiling.

Answer

Precision medicine assumes all cancers are identical and should be treated with the same approach.

Answer

Molecular profiling is not valuable in guiding cancer treatment.

Answer

Precision medicine is only used for rare and aggressive cancers.

Question 41

What is the primary purpose of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

To kill cancer cells

Answer

To prevent cancer recurrence

Answer

To relieve cancer symptoms

Answer

To boost the immune system

Question 42

Which of the following is an early sign of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Vaginal bleeding between periods

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Night sweats

Answer

Severe abdominal pain

Question 43

What is the name of the screening test used to detect precancerous changes in the cervix?

Accepted Answer

Pap smear

Answer

Mammogram

Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Biopsy

Question 44

What is the goal of palliative care in cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

To improve quality of life and alleviate symptoms

Answer

To cure cancer

Answer

To prevent cancer recurrence

Answer

To boost the immune system

Question 45

Which lifestyle change can help reduce cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

Quitting smoking

Answer

Increasing alcohol intake

Answer

Eating a diet high in processed foods

Answer

Avoiding exercise

Question 46

What is the main distinction between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors can invade and spread to other parts of the body.

Answer

Benign tumors grow larger than malignant tumors.

Answer

Malignant tumors are always curable.

Answer

Benign tumors are always painful.

Question 47

Which of the following is a common emotional consequence of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety

Answer

Improved sleep

Answer

Enhanced self-esteem

Answer

Increased appetite

Question 48

Which characteristic is unique to cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell growth and division

Answer

Healthy cell differentiation

Answer

Reduced cell metabolism

Answer

Normal cell death

Question 49

Which is a significant risk factor for developing lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Tobacco smoking

Answer

Moderate alcohol consumption

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Excessive exercise

Question 50

Which type of cancer arises from cells lining organs and cavities?

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Leukemia

Question 51

Which symptom is commonly associated with breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

Lump in the breast

Answer

Headaches

Answer

Coughing up blood

Answer

Fatigue

Question 52

Which treatment approach involves using high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Radiotherapy

Answer

Hormone therapy

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Chemotherapy

Question 53

Which lifestyle factor can lower the risk of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining a healthy weight

Answer

Lack of physical activity

Answer

Smoking regularly

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 54

What is a key distinction between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors have the potential to spread to other body parts.

Answer

Malignant tumors are always painful.

Answer

Benign tumors are always larger than malignant tumors.

Question 55

Which test is commonly used to confirm a cancer diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Biopsy

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Blood test

Answer

X-ray

Question 56

Which side effect is commonly associated with chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Hair loss

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Improved sleep quality

Answer

Boosted immune system

Question 57

Which organization offers support and information to cancer patients and their families in the United Kingdom?

Accepted Answer

Cancer Research UK

Answer

British Heart Foundation

Answer

National Institute of Health

Answer

World Health Organization