Immunotherapy: Harnessing the Body's Immune System to Fight Diseases

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the advantages and disadvantages of adoptive cell therapy in immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

High specificity and durability, but limited scalability

Answer

Broad applicability, but higher risk of side effects

Answer

Low cost and easy to administer, but less effective

Answer

Effective against all cancer types and no risk of relapse, but complex and expensive

Question 2

Identify the primary mechanism through which immunotherapy combats disease.

Accepted Answer

Stimulating the immune system to target and eliminate diseased cells

Answer

Introducing healthy cells to replace damaged ones

Answer

Suppressing the immune system to prevent autoimmune reactions

Answer

Blocking the blood supply to cancerous tumors

Question 3

In cancer immunotherapy, which type of immune cell is primarily targeted for activation?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an agent that inhibits immune checkpoints?

Accepted Answer

Pembrolizumab

Answer

Trastuzumab

Answer

Rituximab

Answer

Bevacizumab

Question 5

Explain how immunotherapy's approach to treating cancer differs from traditional chemotherapy.

Accepted Answer

Immunotherapy targets specific cancer cells, while chemotherapy affects all rapidly dividing cells

Answer

Chemotherapy is generally more effective than immunotherapy

Answer

Immunotherapy causes fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy

Answer

Immunotherapy is only used as a last resort when other treatments fail

Question 6

Immunotherapy is best described as a treatment approach that:

Accepted Answer

Utilizes the body's immune system to combat disease

Answer

Involves surgical removal of diseased tissue

Answer

Employs medication to directly destroy cancer cells

Answer

Relies on lifestyle changes to boost immunity

Question 7

Which immunotherapy approach involves genetic modification of a patient's immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Adoptive cell therapy

Answer

Interferon therapy

Answer

Immune checkpoint inhibition

Answer

Vaccination

Question 8

A potential drawback of immune checkpoint inhibitors as an immunotherapy strategy is:

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of autoimmune reactions

Answer

Limited effectiveness against certain cancers

Answer

Prolonged treatment duration

Answer

Availability only as injections

Question 9

Which of the following therapies does NOT belong to the field of immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Adoptive cell therapy

Answer

Checkpoint inhibition

Answer

Cytokine therapy

Question 10

What is the primary mechanism of action of checkpoint inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Block inhibitory molecules on immune cells, enhancing their anti-tumor activity

Answer

Directly eliminate cancer cells through cell death mechanisms

Answer

Stimulate the production of new immune cells

Answer

Increase the vulnerability of cancer cells to radiation therapy

Question 11

In the context of immunotherapy, what is the purpose of adoptive cell therapy?

Accepted Answer

Engineering immune cells to enhance their ability to target and destroy cancer cells

Answer

Employing antibodies to block the growth and proliferation of cancer cells

Answer

Stimulating the production of immune-boosting molecules like cytokines

Answer

Combining various immunotherapy approaches

Question 12

What is the primary role of regulatory agencies in the context of immunotherapy treatments?

Accepted Answer

Ensure ethical guidelines are followed in clinical trials

Answer

Approve new treatments based solely on promising preclinical data

Answer

Provide funding for research and development of new therapies

Question 13

How does immune memory contribute to the effectiveness and long-term benefits of immunotherapy treatments?

Accepted Answer

Immune memory enables the immune system to recognize and respond more quickly and robustly to pathogens or cancer cells upon future encounters.

Answer

Immune memory is only relevant to adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

Answer

Immunotherapy treatments do not depend on immune memory for their therapeutic effects.

Answer

Immune memory has no role in the development of autoimmune diseases.

Question 14

In immunotherapy, which immune cells play the primary role in presenting antigens and activating T-cells?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Answer

T-cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 15

How do biomarkers contribute to understanding the role of the immune system in immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

By providing insights into immune response and guiding treatment selection

Answer

By determining a patient's eligibility for immunotherapy

Answer

By offering no relevance to personalizing immunotherapy

Answer

By being exclusive to research settings, not used in clinical practice

Question 16

What is the primary goal of immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

To strengthen the body's immune system to fight disease

Answer

To replace damaged immune cells

Answer

To suppress the immune system for better disease control

Answer

To directly destroy diseased cells

Question 17

Which of these approaches involves using the patient's own immune cells to target cancer?

Accepted Answer

Adoptive immunotherapy

Answer

Active immunotherapy

Answer

Passive immunotherapy

Answer

Immunosuppressive therapy

Question 18

What makes CAR T-cell therapy unique compared to traditional cancer treatments?

Accepted Answer

It genetically modifies the patient's own immune cells to target specific cancer cells

Answer

It involves administering antibodies to block cancer cell growth

Answer

It uses checkpoint inhibitors to release the immune system's brakes

Answer

It relies solely on the patient's natural immune response

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential risk associated with immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Immune-related side effects

Answer

Ineffectiveness against certain types of cancer

Answer

High treatment costs

Answer

Limited long-term benefits

Question 20

How has immunotherapy improved cancer treatment outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Increased survival rates and extended life expectancies

Answer

Reduced reliance on traditional therapies

Answer

Eliminated the need for invasive surgery

Answer

Cured all types of cancer

Question 21

What is the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

To remove inhibitory signals on immune cells, enhancing their anti-cancer activity

Answer

To produce new immune cells

Answer

To directly target cancer antigens

Answer

To suppress the immune system to prevent overactivation

Question 22

What is the general outlook for the future of immunotherapy in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Promising, with ongoing advancements and expanded applications

Answer

Limited due to cost and side effects

Answer

Uncertain, requiring further research and development

Answer

Controversial due to ethical concerns

Question 23

Which of the following best describes how immunotherapy boosts the immune system's ability to fight disease?

Accepted Answer

Enhances T-cell activity and blocks immune checkpoints

Answer

Suppresses B-cell activity and promotes antibody production

Answer

Stimulates cytokine production and reduces immune tolerance

Question 24

Which fundamental principle underpins the approach of immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Harnessing the body's immune system to combat diseases

Answer

Administering lab-created antibodies to directly attack pathogens

Answer

Replacing malfunctioning immune cells with healthy ones

Answer

Suppressing the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation

Question 25

What is the function of a checkpoint inhibitor in immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

It's a monoclonal antibody that blocks immune checkpoints, unleashing the immune system against cancer cells

Answer

It's a vaccine that stimulates the production of tumor-specific immune cells

Answer

It's a surgical procedure to remove cancerous tissue

Answer

It's a radiation treatment used to shrink tumors

Question 26

What is the primary responsibility of regulatory organizations in the context of immunotherapy drug approval?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring the safety and effectiveness of immunotherapy drugs

Answer

Establishing pricing guidelines for treatments

Answer

Providing financial support for research endeavors

Answer

Educating the public about immunotherapy

Question 27

How might immunotherapy impact chronic diseases that have been difficult to treat? Explain the reasons for optimism and the challenges that need to be addressed.

Accepted Answer

Clinical trials show promising results in treating chronic diseases.

Answer

Immunotherapy can completely cure all chronic diseases.

Answer

Immunotherapy treatments have no side effects.

Answer

Immunotherapy is easily accessible and affordable for all patients.

Question 28

Which type of immunotherapy involves modifying the patient's own immune cells to fight cancer?

Accepted Answer

Adoptive cell therapy

Answer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Answer

Monoclonal antibody therapy

Answer

Oncolytic virus therapy

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a potential limitation of immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Effectiveness in all types of cancer

Answer

Resistance to treatment

Answer

High cost of research and development

Answer

Potential for autoimmune reactions

Question 30

Immunotherapy's effectiveness varies among patients. Which factor significantly contributes to this difference?

Accepted Answer

Patient diversity

Answer

Disease stage

Answer

Treatment cost

Answer

Drug availability

Question 31

Which of the following best describes the fundamental principle of immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Harnessing the body's immune system to combat disease

Answer

Utilizing antibodies to directly target pathogens

Answer

Interfering with the growth of cancer cells

Answer

Enhancing the production of white blood cells

Question 32

In cancer immunotherapy, which type of cells are primarily targeted?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Natural killer cells

Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of an immune checkpoint inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody

Answer

Interferon

Answer

Vaccine

Answer

Chemotherapy drug

Question 34

How does CAR T-cell therapy differentiate from conventional chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Uses genetically engineered T cells to target cancer cells

Answer

Has fewer adverse effects

Answer

Is effective against all types of cancer

Answer

Costs less than chemotherapy

Question 35

How does the immune system distinguish between healthy and cancerous cells?

Accepted Answer

Recognizes specific markers on cancer cells

Answer

Detects alterations in cell metabolism

Answer

Relies on prior exposure to the same type of cancer

Answer

Cannot differentiate and attacks both healthy and cancerous cells

Question 36

What is the primary role of dendritic cells in immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Present antigens to T cells

Answer

Produce antibodies

Answer

Directly destroy cancer cells

Answer

Suppress the immune response

Question 37

Which statement about immunotherapy is accurate?

Accepted Answer

It can induce long-term remission in some patients

Answer

It is a guaranteed cure for all types of cancer

Answer

It is consistently more effective than traditional treatments

Answer

It is completely devoid of any potential risks

Question 38

How does personalized immunotherapy differ from standard immunotherapy approaches?

Accepted Answer

Tailored to the specific genetic makeup of each patient's cancer

Answer

Combines multiple immunotherapy drugs

Answer

Less expensive

Answer

Fewer side effects

Question 39

Immunotherapy's fundamental principle involves:

Accepted Answer

Harnessing the body's immune response to combat disease

Answer

Administering drugs to suppress the immune system

Answer

Employing radiation therapy to eliminate cancerous cells

Answer

Utilizing genetic engineering to alter immune cells

Question 40

Immunotherapy treatments primarily target which cells?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells

Answer

Inflammatory cells

Answer

Healthy immune cells

Answer

Bacteria and viruses

Question 41

How does checkpoint inhibition enhance immunotherapy's effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

It removes inhibitory molecules that suppress immune responses

Answer

It reduces inflammation in the immune system

Answer

It increases the number of immune cells

Answer

It stimulates the production of antibodies

Question 42

In the United Kingdom, which organization regulates the development and use of immunotherapy treatments?

Accepted Answer

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)

Answer

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

Answer

Public Health England (PHE)

Answer

National Health Service (NHS)

Question 43

Which immunotherapy approach genetically alters a patient's T-cells to target and destroy specific cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Adoptive Immunotherapy

Answer

Passive Immunotherapy

Answer

Active Immunotherapy

Answer

Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

Question 44

Select the option that best summarizes the mechanism of action of immunotherapy:

Accepted Answer

Harnessing the immune system to combat diseases

Answer

Introducing foreign antibodies to neutralize pathogens

Answer

Using radiation to destroy cancer cells

Question 45

Immunotherapy has shown promise in the treatment of:

Accepted Answer

Advanced stages of cancer

Answer

Autoimmune disorders

Answer

Genetic diseases

Answer

Infectious diseases

Question 46

Which type of immunotherapy involves modifying T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells specifically?

Accepted Answer

Adoptive cell therapy

Answer

Checkpoint inhibitors

Answer

Monoclonal antibody therapy

Question 47

Immunotherapy offers the advantage of:

Accepted Answer

Precise targeting of diseased cells

Answer

Low risk of side effects

Answer

Permanent cure for all diseases

Question 48

Immunotherapy in cancer treatment primarily aims to target and destroy:

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells or tumor cells

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Healthy cells

Answer

Bacteria

Question 49

Which type of immunotherapy involves genetically modifying a patient's own immune cells, such as T cells, to recognize and attack cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy

Answer

Checkpoint inhibitors

Answer

Antibody-based therapy

Question 50

Which cytokine is commonly utilized in immunotherapy to stimulate and enhance the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 51

Compared to traditional cancer treatments like chemotherapy or radiation, the main advantage of immunotherapy is its:

Accepted Answer

Increased specificity in targeting and attacking cancer cells

Answer

Faster results and shorter treatment duration

Answer

Lower overall cost and accessibility

Question 52

Which of the following is a potential challenge or side effect associated with immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune reactions due to overactivation of the immune system

Answer

High cost and limited availability

Answer

Ineffectiveness against certain types of cancer

Answer

Slow response time and delayed results

Question 53

Immunotherapy has shown particular effectiveness in treating which type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Prostate cancer

Answer

Lung cancer

Answer

Breast cancer

Question 54

Which of the following is a biomarker that can help predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer patients?

Accepted Answer

PD-L1 expression on cancer cells

Answer

CA-125 level in the blood

Answer

PSA level in the blood

Answer

CEA level in the blood

Question 55

What is the primary mechanism of action of checkpoint inhibitors in immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Blocking inhibitory signals (checkpoints) on immune cells, allowing them to attack cancer cells

Answer

Stimulating rapid proliferation of immune cells

Answer

Amplifying cytokine production and inflammation

Answer

Inducing apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells directly

Question 56

Which of the following factors can influence the effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

The characteristics and composition of the tumor microenvironment

Answer

Patient's age or gender

Answer

Weather conditions or time of year

Answer

Patient's personal preferences