Cell Transport: Mechanisms of Substance Movement Across Membranes

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 2

Passive transport describes the movement of molecules:

Accepted Answer

From an area of high concentration to low concentration, without energy expenditure

Answer

From an area of low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy

Answer

Across a membrane using a carrier protein

Answer

Against a concentration gradient, using energy

Question 3

Which type of transport involves a carrier protein to facilitate movement?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Question 4

Which type of cell transport involves the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 5

The primary function of the sodium-potassium pump is to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain the resting membrane potential of cells

Answer

Transport glucose into cells

Answer

Remove waste products from cells

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Question 6

Active transport involves the movement of molecules:

Accepted Answer

From an area of low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy

Answer

From an area of high concentration to low concentration, without energy expenditure

Answer

Across a membrane using a carrier protein

Answer

In the same direction as the concentration gradient

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Pinocytosis

Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 8

Vesicles play a crucial role in cell transport by:

Accepted Answer

Transporting materials into and out of cells

Answer

Storing cellular waste

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Generating ATP

Question 9

How does active transport contribute to the establishment and maintenance of ion gradients across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Active transport proteins use energy to pump ions against their concentration gradient, creating and maintaining ion gradients across the membrane.

Answer

Active transport only functions when the concentration of ions is higher outside the cell.

Answer

Active transport is solely responsible for transporting small molecules across cell membranes.

Answer

Active transport is not crucial for cellular function.

Question 10

What is the specific term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 11

What is the process called when cells use energy to transport substances against their concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion, where substances move across a membrane with the help of carrier proteins?

Accepted Answer

Movement of glucose into a muscle cell

Answer

Movement of oxygen across the cell membrane

Answer

Movement of sodium ions against their concentration gradient

Answer

Movement of water out of a plant cell

Question 13

Which characteristic describes a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

It only allows certain substances to pass through.

Answer

It allows all substances to pass through freely.

Answer

It is impermeable to all substances.

Answer

It is semi-permeable to all substances.

Question 14

What is the primary component that makes up the structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 15

Which of the following is a key function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Providing structural support to the cell

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Converting light energy into chemical energy

Question 16

Which of the following statements correctly describes the energy requirements of passive and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport does.

Answer

Passive transport requires energy, while active transport does not.

Answer

Both passive and active transport require energy.

Answer

Neither passive nor active transport require energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 18

What is the energy source for active transport?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Light

Answer

Heat

Answer

Diffusion

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of active transport?

Accepted Answer

Does not occur in all cells

Answer

Requires energy

Answer

Against the concentration gradient

Answer

Uses carrier proteins

Question 20

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the resting membrane potential of cells

Answer

To transport glucose into the cell

Answer

To regulate water balance in the cell

Answer

To produce ATP

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of active transport in plants?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of mineral ions from the soil

Answer

Diffusion of water into the root hair cells

Answer

Movement of sucrose through the phloem

Answer

Export of oxygen from the leaves

Question 22

What happens to a cell's volume when placed in an isotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Stays the same

Answer

Shrinks

Answer

Swells

Answer

Bursts

Question 23

In passive transport, substances move down a concentration gradient. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Answer

Substances move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Answer

Substances move randomly across the cell membrane

Answer

Substances move only through protein channels

Question 24

What is the main function of exocytosis in cells?

Accepted Answer

Secreting substances

Answer

Absorbing nutrients

Answer

Removing waste

Answer

Exchanging gases

Question 25

Describe the role of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion, explaining their structure and how they work.

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins are membrane proteins that bind to specific molecules and help them cross the membrane by changing shape.

Answer

Carrier proteins create water-filled channels in the membrane for molecules to pass through.

Answer

Carrier proteins only transport large molecules and ions.

Question 26

Diffusion is a passive process where molecules move across a cell membrane. How do these molecules move?

Accepted Answer

Molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Answer

Molecules move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration using energy.

Answer

Molecules create a concentration gradient across the membrane.

Question 27

What is the key distinction between diffusion and osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion involves the transport of specific substances, while osmosis only involves water movement.

Answer

Osmosis involves the transport of any substance, while diffusion involves only water movement.

Answer

Diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient, whereas osmosis occurs against a concentration gradient.

Answer

Osmosis occurs down a concentration gradient, whereas diffusion occurs against a concentration gradient.

Question 28

In active transport, what role does ATP play?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for the transport process

Answer

Acting as a carrier molecule for the transported substance

Answer

Creating a channel through the cell membrane

Answer

Preventing the substance from moving back across the membrane

Question 29

What term describes the movement of water from high to low water potential?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 30

Which cell membrane exhibits selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Nuclear membrane

Answer

Mitochondrial membrane

Answer

Vacuolar membrane

Question 31

Describe the role of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion.

Accepted Answer

Transporting substances across the cell membrane without energy expenditure

Answer

Transporting substances across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient

Answer

Creating channels through the cell membrane

Answer

Preventing the movement of substances across the cell membrane

Question 32

Which of the following is not a form of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 33

Which substance will diffuse most rapidly across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Sodium ions

Answer

Protein

Question 34

What is the role of membrane proteins in facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

To create channels through which substances can pass.

Answer

To block the passage of substances across the membrane.

Answer

To pump substances against their concentration gradient.

Answer

To change the membrane's permeability to specific substances.

Question 35

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the resting membrane potential

Answer

To transport glucose into cells

Answer

To excrete waste products from cells

Answer

To regulate water balance

Question 36

Which of the following processes involves the engulfing of a substance by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 37

How does exocytosis differ from endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis is the movement of substances out of the cell, while endocytosis is the movement of substances into the cell.

Answer

Exocytosis is the movement of substances into the cell, while endocytosis is the movement of substances out of the cell.

Answer

Exocytosis and endocytosis are both the movement of substances into the cell.

Answer

Exocytosis and endocytosis are both the movement of substances out of the cell.

Question 38

What is the consequence of a cell losing excessive water?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink and die.

Answer

The cell will swell and burst.

Answer

The cell will become more permeable to water.

Answer

The cell will produce more ATP.

Question 39

How does the cell membrane contribute to cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Answer

It produces energy for the cell.

Answer

It carries out protein synthesis.

Answer

It contains the genetic material of the cell.

Question 40

Which disease is primarily caused by a malfunction in cell transport?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Arthritis

Question 41

Membrane transport proteins facilitate the movement of substances across cell membranes. Which of the options below is NOT a type of membrane transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Receptor molecule

Answer

Carrier protein

Answer

Channel protein

Answer

Pump protein

Question 42

Which of the following processes involves moving substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy from ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 43

Diffusion is a passive transport process dependent on a concentration gradient. What is the primary driving force for diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Concentration gradient

Answer

Pressure gradient

Answer

Temperature gradient

Answer

Electrical gradient

Question 44

Factors influencing the rate of diffusion include substance concentration, temperature, and distance. Which factor does NOT affect the rate of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Molecular weight

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Distance

Answer

Concentration gradient

Question 45

Osmosis is a specific form of passive transport involving water movement across a selectively permeable membrane. Which of the following is the correct definition of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

Answer

Movement of gases across a lipid bilayer

Answer

Movement of ions across a membrane channel

Answer

Movement of large molecules into cells

Question 46

The sodium-potassium pump is a crucial membrane protein responsible for maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane. What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

Maintain the resting membrane potential

Answer

Transport glucose into cells

Answer

Control cellular volume

Answer

Remove toxic substances from cells

Question 47

Endocytosis is a process whereby cells take in large molecules or particles. Which of the following is the primary mechanism employed by cells to internalize large substances?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Diffusion

Question 48

Endocytosis and exocytosis are two essential processes involved in cellular material transport. Which process is the opposite of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Pinocytosis

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 49

Which of the following accurately describes passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Substance movement without energy expenditure

Answer

Requires ATP

Answer

Movement against a concentration gradient

Question 50

Of the following options, which is NOT a type of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 51

Which transport mechanism is responsible for maintaining the sodium and potassium ion concentrations in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Proton pump

Answer

Glucose transporter

Answer

Calcium ATPase

Question 52

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Volume of the diffusing substance

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Concentration gradient

Question 53

What is the primary function of vesicles in endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

To engulf and transport substances into the cell

Answer

To excrete waste materials

Answer

To store energy

Answer

To modify proteins

Question 54

What is a key consequence of the sodium-potassium pump's operation?

Accepted Answer

Generation of an electrical gradient across the membrane

Answer

Lowered extracellular potassium concentration

Answer

Increased intracellular sodium concentration

Question 55

What is the critical role of the cell membrane in transport processes?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the movement of substances across the cell boundary

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 56

Which term describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 57

What effect does a hypertonic solution have on cell volume?

Accepted Answer

Cell shrinkage due to water movement out of the cell

Answer

Cell expansion due to water movement into the cell

Answer

No change in cell volume