Mendelian Genetics: Uncover the Secrets of Inheritance

Question 1

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of heredity that carries genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

DNA

Answer

Allele

Question 2

In a genetic cross, what is the relationship between a dominant allele and a recessive allele in a heterozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

The dominant allele masks the expression of the recessive allele

Answer

Both alleles are masked

Answer

The recessive allele masks the expression of the dominant allele

Answer

Both alleles are expressed equally

Question 3

What is the phenotype of an individual with the genotype bb?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous recessive

Answer

Homozygous dominant

Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Incomplete dominant

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative trait?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Eye colour

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Dominant or recessive

Question 5

What is the primary mechanism by which new genetic variation is introduced into a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

Recombination

Answer

Natural selection

Answer

Genetic drift

Question 6

In Mendelian genetics, which method is most commonly used to trace the inheritance patterns of genetic disorders within a family?

Accepted Answer

Pedigree analysis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Genetic crosses

Answer

Mathematical modeling

Question 7

According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, which of the following occurs during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of a gene separate and segregate into different gametes.

Answer

Alleles of a gene recombine and exchange genetic material.

Answer

Phenotypes of different traits are inherited independently.

Answer

Genotypes of different traits are inherited independently.

Question 8

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 9

Which term refers to the observable characteristics of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Gene

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of Mendel's Laws of Inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Law of Incomplete Dominance

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Dominance

Question 11

A gene that controls eye color is found on chromosome 1. If a mutation occurs within this gene, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A change in eye color

Answer

A change in hair color

Answer

A change in height

Answer

A change in metabolism

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

Crossing two plants that differ in height

Answer

Crossing two plants that differ in flower color and seed shape

Answer

Crossing two plants that differ in multiple traits

Answer

Crossing a plant with a known genotype to a plant with an unknown genotype

Question 13

Which technique is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

DNA Sequencing

Answer

Southern Blotting

Question 14

Which of the following is the hereditary unit that determines the inheritance of a specific trait?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

DNA nucleotide

Answer

Allele

Question 15

An individual with two different alleles for a trait is considered:

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous

Answer

Dominant

Answer

Recessive

Question 16

According to Mendel, during gamete formation, which of the following occurs to alleles of different traits?

Accepted Answer

They segregate independently

Answer

They stay together

Answer

They are randomly distributed

Answer

They combine to form new alleles

Question 17

What is the probability of obtaining a homozygous dominant offspring from parents who are both heterozygous for a particular trait?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a dominant trait in humans?

Accepted Answer

Brown eyes

Answer

Blue eyes

Answer

Recessive traits

Answer

Freckles

Question 19

What is the term for a genotype that has two different alleles?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous dominant

Answer

Homozygous recessive

Answer

Hybrid

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a method used in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Selective breeding

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gene splicing

Question 21

What is the function of a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

To analyze the number and structure of chromosomes

Answer

To identify genetic disorders

Answer

To determine the sex of an individual

Answer

To study gene expression

Question 22

Which of the following diseases is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 23

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder where two recessive alleles are needed to inherit the condition. If both parents are carriers, meaning they each have one recessive allele and one dominant allele, what is the chance their child will inherit cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 24

The basic unit of heredity is the:

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Cell

Answer

Organ

Question 25

Traits that appear in an individual carrying at least one dominant allele are known as:

Accepted Answer

Dominant

Answer

Recessive

Answer

Co-dominant

Answer

Incomplete dominant

Question 26

According to Mendelian genetics, which law states that alleles for different genes are inherited independently?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Dominance

Answer

Law of Incomplete Dominance

Question 27

The genetic constitution of an individual is termed:

Accepted Answer

Genotype

Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Karyotype

Answer

Genome

Question 28

What is the probability of inheriting a homozygous recessive genotype from a heterozygous parent?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

100%

Question 29

Which technique is NOT employed in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Cryopreservation

Answer

DNA cloning

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gene editing

Question 30

Alterations in the DNA sequence are known as:

Accepted Answer

Mutations

Answer

Recombinations

Answer

Translations

Answer

Transcriptions

Question 31

Which type of mutation involves the addition or removal of a single nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Nonsense mutation

Answer

Missense mutation

Question 32

The investigation of inheritance patterns within families is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Pedigree analysis

Answer

Karyotyping

Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

Genetic counseling

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a key concept of Mendelian Genetics?

Accepted Answer

Law of probability

Answer

Dominant and recessive traits

Answer

Law of segregation

Answer

Law of independent assortment

Question 34

Which of the following statements about the law of segregation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation.

Answer

Alleles of a gene recombine during gamete formation.

Answer

Alleles are found in pairs in diploid organisms.

Answer

Alleles are always identical.

Question 35

Which of the following is a characteristic of a dominant trait?

Accepted Answer

It is visible in an individual who carries only one copy of the dominant allele.

Answer

It is only visible in an individual who carries two copies of the dominant allele.

Answer

It is never visible in an individual who carries the recessive allele.

Answer

It is masked by the recessive allele in an individual who carries both alleles.

Question 36

Which of the following scientists is credited with developing the principles of Mendelian Genetics?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 37

In Mendelian genetics, which term denotes the observable characteristics of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Locus

Question 38

Which of the following is not a fundamental principle established by Gregor Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Law of Incomplete Dominance

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Dominance

Question 39

In an individual carrying both dominant and recessive alleles for a trait, which allele will be expressed?

Accepted Answer

Dominant allele only

Answer

Recessive allele only

Answer

Both alleles equally

Answer

Neither allele

Question 40

When two individuals heterozygous for a trait are crossed, what is the probability of their offspring inheriting the homozygous dominant genotype?

Accepted Answer

1/4

Answer

1/2

Answer

3/4

Answer

1

Question 41

Which of the following human traits is an example of a recessive characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Brown eyes

Answer

Blue eyes

Answer

Tongue rolling

Question 42

What is the primary purpose of conducting a dihybrid cross in genetics?

Accepted Answer

To study the inheritance of two traits simultaneously

Answer

To determine the genotype of an individual

Answer

To predict the phenotype of offspring accurately

Answer

To identify mutations in genes

Question 43

In a monohybrid cross, what is the predicted phenotypic ratio when both parents are heterozygous for the trait?

Accepted Answer

1:2:1

Answer

3:1

Answer

1:1

Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 44

Which of the following represents the genotype of an individual who is heterozygous for a dominant trait?

Accepted Answer

Dd

Answer

dd

Answer

DD

Answer

rr

Question 45

What is the probability of obtaining offspring with the homozygous recessive genotype from a cross between two heterozygous individuals?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

100%

Answer

75%

Question 46

Which of the following describes a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

Crossing two individuals that differ in a single trait.

Answer

Crossing two identical individuals.

Answer

Crossing two individuals that differ in two traits.

Answer

Crossing two individuals that differ in multiple traits.

Question 47

Which of the following describes a dihybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

Crossing two individuals that differ in two traits.

Answer

Crossing two individuals that differ in multiple traits.

Answer

Crossing two individuals that differ in one trait.

Question 48

Which term describes an organism that carries two identical alleles for a specific gene?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous

Answer

Recessive

Answer

Heterozygous

Question 49

In a heterozygous condition, what is the probability of obtaining offspring with a dominant phenotype?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

100%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Question 50

Which genotype represents a heterozygous individual?

Accepted Answer

Rr

Answer

rr

Answer

RR

Question 51

Which experimental approach did Gregor Mendel employ to study inheritance patterns?

Accepted Answer

Controlled breeding experiments and observing offspring

Answer

Field observations

Answer

Pedigree analysis

Question 52

What term describes the observable physical characteristics of an organism determined by its genotype?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Locus

Question 53

Which statement best explains the concept of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

During gamete formation, alleles of different genes segregate independently of one another.

Answer

Alleles of the same gene pair segregate together during gamete formation.

Answer

The genotype of an organism solely determines its phenotype.

Question 54

A rabbit has 46 chromosomes in its somatic cells. How many chromosomes will be present in its gametes?

Accepted Answer

23

Answer

92

Answer

46

Answer

12

Question 55

Which human trait is an example of a polygenic trait?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Hair texture

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Eye color